Compare and Contrast the Ethic of Care and the Ethic of Justice Term Paper

Compare and Contrast the Ethic of Care and the Ethic of Justice - Term Paper Example One simple thing associated with ethics of care is relationship. A person is considered to be a moral agent who has the capacity to love, show mercy, affection and more. In other words, the moral identity of a person is based on his ability to feel about his environment and be sensitive to the needs of others as part of the idea of what is morally right or wrong. In other words, an individual tries to adapt to its environment because of his capacity to feel and create relationship. Ethics of care is considered as virtue ethics. In other words, ethics of care values emotional involvement in dealing with the lives of others (Lauritzen, 2002). The point of ethics of care is to preserve or nurture relations in series of relationships and attend and respond to the needs of others (Gilligan, 1993). A very definite example of ethics of care is a deep compassion and willingness to support young women who were experiencing unwanted pregnancies and social condemnation (Allvin et al., 2007). Et hics of justice defined Individual autonomous choice and equality are what the ethics of justice primarily considers (French & Weis, 2000). As pointed out by French and Weis justice is a product of a certain culture. This means that human belief, experience and more are integral parts of the moral justice. The disapproval of adolescent pre-marital sexual relations and abortion is a clear indication of the existence of ethics of justice (Allvin et al., 2007). Ethics of justice is centered on the issue of morality and self. Under the ethics of justice, there is a strong consideration of rights, rational conclusion, differentiating morality from law, definition of self via autonomy and personal confidence, restraining certain actions because of others’ needs, transposing a hierarchy of power into a hierarchy of values, and placing of problem into an impersonal conflict of claims (Gilligan, 1993). In other words, ethics of justice is still product of the human experience, but the re is a remarkable impact or influence of the issue of morality and philosophy in it. Care builds up self-esteem There are different needs of the humanity. Some people are hopeless. Some suffered this way due to some personal circumstances or reasons outside of their control. For instance, children who were victims of violence, physical or mental abuse needs primary care and attention. These individuals are hopeless and at some point innocent about how the world is turning against them. In this case, they need more care rather than providing them the justice they deserved. The reason is that the impact of violence may be harmful than trying to find justice for them. It is through effective care they would feel they are loved and their notion about the harsh environment may be changed. Thus, giving care is a way to change an individual’s perspective about life. In other words, the ethics of care is an integral part of someone’s ability to stand in the midst of trials an d hardships in life. This is just one of the simple illustrations why care is necessary for everyone. However, placing this at the point of view of clinical practice, care is an essential part of the patients’ need for survival or recovery. According to a certain study, a patient-centered service is associated with the delivery of care (O’Connell & Landers, 2008). It is further emphasized in the said study that patients and their relatives are looking forward to

KEPAK STRATEGY Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

KEPAK STRATEGY - Literature review Example                     Ã‚         Introduction Kepak was founded in the mid-1960s by Noel Keating as a retail butcher’s business supplying wholesale beef to the food service sector and into other markets. Kepak had a turnover of Є750 million in 2010 and had 1700 employees. The company processes 300 000 cattle and 1.5 million lambs each year. It operates through nine manufacturing facilities in Ireland and UK. The company’s principal activity is animal slaughter and the sale of meat in cut and processed formats through Kepak Meat Division. The firm has substantial business interests in convenience foods operated through Kepak Convenience Foods and an agricultural commodities trading business, Agra Trading. This paper explores Kepak’s business strategy in response to industry challenges and opportunities (Bell, Mcloughlin and Shelman, 2011, P.3). Examination of Kepak’s business environment The most popular tool in strategic management for analysing the business environment of a company is PESTEL. In the case of Kepak, the economic environment was affecting business negatively as the industry lacked predictability in financial performance. This according to the company CEO from 2010, John Horgan, made it difficult for Irish beef processors to plan for growth. In addition, Kepak was not a listed company thus limiting its access to capital to borrowing or trading profits in a very capital intensive business (Bell, Mcloughlin and Shelman, 2011, P.3). Supply chain consists of producers who sell cattle to processors who market the product internationally. Most of the cattle are grass fed and takes up to 30 months to mature compared to cereal fed beef which can finish in 12-15 months. The presence of agents hampers innovation in the supply chain as their role is historical and; therefore, they added little value (Bell, Mcloughlin and Shelman, 2011, P.3). Political and legislative factors are seen to influence the firms busi ness where the EU-wide introduction of decoupled Single Payment Schemes moved subsidy payments from actual production of commodities to other objectives contributing to a reduction in beef production. These factors negatively affected the firms business as there was an increase in live beef exports after 2008 as it was more profitable to export live-calf than to mature, slaughter and process them in Ireland. Change in the economic environment caused an increase investment by farmers in dairy products leading to a reduction in beef production as well as a concern among processors that this would lower the quality of beef products (Bell, Mcloughlin and Shelman, 2011, P.3). With respect to porter five forces, there were three major players in the beef processing industry and who accounted for 60-65% of the capacity and output. The perception was that these competitors would rather suffer lower margins than take compromises and retailers used this weakness to play processors against eac h other. Therefore, there was a negative effect of competitor rivalry in the beef business and, which affected the firm’s bottom line. According to literature by Porter, rivalry limits profitability in an industry as it transfers profitability directly to customers through price cuts and in this case customers try to achieve the same by playing firms against each other. Britain is Ireland’s major market for beef exports and shares similarities in both markets in beef tastes, systems of

Causes And Effects Of The Current Economic Crisis Economics Essay

Causes And Effects Of The Current Economic Crisis Economics Essay Overall economy is bullish; it is not only the stock exchanges that tell  riches to rags  stories but even  small businesses. It all adds to the national exchequer. An economist is likely to give a detailed, comprehensive definition of  recession. But for the layman who has been affected knows it only one way-when he loses his job and has no money to pay his  credit and loans.  Recession  is when the consumer faces foreclosure and the banker comes knocking for his pound (or dollar) of flesh. Many companies and whole countries go bankrupt for want of liquid funds and cash flow for even daily requirements.   If you look at it from the point of view of a businessman,  recession  is a transitory phase. The Business Cycle Dating Committee of the  National Bureau of Economic Research  has another definition. It profiles the businesses that have peaked with their activity in one season and it falls naturally in the next season. It regains its original position with new products or sales and continues to expand. This revival makes the  recession  a mild phase that large companies tolerate. As the fiscal position rises, there is no reason to worry.  Recession  can last up to a year. When it happens year after year then it is serious.   Are we facing a  recession  or not? Yes, for the simple reason that not only our neighbors but our friends are unemployed. There is less of business talk and more billing worries. Transitory recessions are good for the economy, as it tends to stabilize the prices. It allows run away bullish companies to slow down and take stock. There is a saying, when its tough the tough get going. The weaker companies will not survive the brief  recession  also. Stronger companies will pull through its resources. So when is it time to worry? When you are facing a foreclosure, when the chips are down and out and creditors file cases for recovery.   Firms face closures when they go through  recession  and are not able to recover from losses. If, at this time, they are not able to sustain their prices and stocks then there is more trouble. Even when the  recession  period gets over, they will not be able to do well. If a business survives a  recession  period they should be able to survive a depression. But how many  recession  proof businesses are there? Who will eventually survive the  recession?   1. Those that have been able to save their funds.   2. Those who have not invested in fly-by-night companies.   3. Those who remain clam till the storm passes.   4. Those that take stock immediately and decide to reinvest in a  recession  proof business. GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS The world is seemingly inching towards recession .Companies are going bankrupt, stock market are nose diving and more employees are being laid off while companies struggle to cut cost. Looking theng back, it seems not so long ago when economies across the globe, especially india , were going through a boom . What went wrong ,then? Here,s a quick round up of the major events that bought the current economic downturn. 2001-2005: Housing prices shoot up in the US. Bank start lending aggressively, leading to the creation of sub primary Industry. Subprime lending refers to lending at slightly higher interest rates to borrowers,who under normal circumstances would not have been eligible for the loan .Such borrowers are consider to have a less -than-ideal credit as they may have defaulted in the past or are employed or without any regular income. Banks usually, refrained from lending to such people owing to the higher default risk. However, with the rise in property prices, banks started lending to such borrowers as these loans were mortgaged against property .In case of default, the banks could recover the money by selling off the mortgaged property. 2005: The prospering housing market comes to a standstill in many parts of the US. 2006: As the prices even out, homes sales drop. February 2007: Sub -prime bubble in the US burst-more than 25 sub prime lenders either go bankrupt, incur heavy losses or are up for the sale Banks files to take into account the possibly of a fall in property prices while undertaking sub prime lending . With the hike in interest rates by the Federal bank , the sub-prime borrowers began defaulting . This prompting banks to sell off the mortgaged properties. As more banks joined this trend of selling mortgaged properties , prices of property dropped down in the U.S. August 2007 : A no of leading mortgage lenders in the us go bankrupt : March 2008 : bear Sterns crumbles September 2008 : Lehman Brothers file for bankruptcy while Merrill Lynch is sold off to Bank of America Financial markets in the us developed a new product between 2001 nd 2006 . This product was in form of a bond securitized against mortgages . Financial institutions like bear sterns, Lehman brothers and Merrill lynch lent money to mortgage banks against the mortgages, on condition that these mortgage banks would repay the money as soon as they recovered their mortgages . These lenders ,in turn sold the retail bonds to individual investors . However, as mortgages could not be honoured , banks were unable to pay the back this money to financial institutions, who in turn could not pay repay individual investors. In the entire process, Institutions like Bear Sterns, Lehman Brothers Merrill lynch and AIG got a serve blow. LEHMAN BROTHERS Lehman Brothers was founded in 1850 by two cotton brokers in Montgomery, Ala. The firm moved to New York City after the Civil War and grew into one of Wall Streets investment giants. On Sept. 14, 2008, the investment bank announced that it would file for liquidation after huge losses in the mortgage market and a loss of investor confidence crippled it and it was unable to find a buyer. Lehmans slow collapse began as the mortgage market crisis unfolded in the summer of 2007, when its stock began a steady fall from a peak of $82 a share. The fears were based on the fact that the firm was a major player in the market for subprime and prime mortgages, and that as the smallest of the major Wall Street firms, it faced a larger risk that large losses could be fatal. As the crisis deepened in 2007 and early 2008, the storied investment bank defied expectations more than once, just it had many times before, as in 1998, when it seemed to teeter after a worldwide currency crisis, only to rebound strongly. Lehman managed to avoid the fate of Bear Stearns, the other of Wall Streets small fry, which was bought by JP Morgan Chase at a bargain basement price under the threat of bankruptcy in March 2008. But by summer of 2008 the rollercoaster ride started to have more downs than ups. A series of write-offs was accompanied by new offerings to seek capital to bolster its finances. Lehman also fought a running battle with short sellers. The company accused them of spreading rumors to drive down the stocks price; Lehmans critics responded by questioning whether the firm had come clean about the true size of its losses. As time passed and losses mounted, an increasing number of investors sided with the critics. On June 9, 2008, Lehman announced a second-quarter loss of $2.8 billion, far higher than analysts had expected. The company said it would seek to raise $6 billion in fresh capital from investors. But those efforts faltered, and the situation grew more dire after the government on Sept. 8 announced a takeover of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Lehmans stock plunged as the markets wondered whether the move to save those mortgage giants made it less likely that Lehman might be bailed out. On Sept. 10, the investment bank said that it would spin off a majority of its remaining commercial real estate holdings into a new public company. And it confirmed plans to sell a majority of its investment management division in a move expected to generate $3 billion. It also announced an expected loss of $3.9 billion, or $5.92 a share, in the third quarter after $5.6 billion in write-downs. By the weekend of Sept. 13-14, it was clear that it was do or die for Lehman. The Treasury had made clear that no bailout would be forthcoming. Federal officials encouraged other institutions to buy Lehman, but by the end of the weekend the two main suitors, Barclays and Bank of America, had both said no. Lehman filed for bankruptcy Sept. 15. One day later, Barclays said it would buy Lehmans United States capital markets division for $1.75 billion, a bargain price. Nomura Holdings of Japan agreed to buy many of Lehmans assets in Europe, the Middle East and Asia. Lehman also said it would sell much of its money management business, including its prized Neuberger Berman asset management unit, to Bain Capital and Hellman Friedman for $2.15 billion. Lehmans demise set off tremors throughout the financial system. The uncertainty surrounding its transactions with banks and hedge funds exacerbated a crisis of confidence. That contributed to credit markets freezing, forcing governments around the globe to take steps to try to calm panicked markets. On Oct. 5, Richard S. Fuld Jr., Lehmans chief executive, testified before a Congressional panel that while he took full responsibility for the debacle, he believed all his decisions were both prudent and and appropriate given the information at the time. EFFECT ON THE INDIAN ECONOMY Impact of global recession on India America is the most effected country due to global recession, which comes as a bad news for India. India have most outsourcing deals from the US. Even our exports to US have increased over the years. Exports for January declined by 22 per cent. RECESSIONS ARE the result of reduction in the demand of products in the global market. Recession can also be associated with falling prices known as deflation due to lack of demand of products. Again, it could be the result of inflation or a combination of increasing prices and stagnant economic growth in the west. Recession in the West, specially the United States, is a very bad news for our country. Our companies in India have most outsourcing deals from the US. Even our exports to US have increased over the years. Exports for January have declined by 22 per cent. There is a decline in the employment market due to the recession in the West. There has been a significant drop in the new hiring which is a cause of great concern for us. Some companies have laid off their employees and there have been cut in promotions, compensation and perks of the employees. Companies in the private sector and government sector are hesitant to take up new projects. And they are working on existing projects only. Projections indicate that up to one crore persons could lose their jobs in the correct fiscal ending March. The one crore figure has been compiled by Federation of Indian Export Organisations (FIEO), which says that it has carried out an intensive survey. The textile, garment and handicraft industry are worse effected. Together, they are going to lose four million jobs by April 2009, according to the FIEO survey. There has also been a decline in the tourist inflow lately. The real estate has also a problem of tight liquidity situations, where the developers are finding it hard to raise finances. IT industries, financial sectors, real estate owners, car industry, investment banking and other industries as well are confronting heavy loss due to the fall down of global economy. Federation of Indian chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) found that faced with the global recession, inventories industries like garment, gems, textiles, chemicals and jewellery had cut production by 10 per cent to 50 per cent IMPACT ON DIFFERENT SECTORS 1. Impact on stock market The immediate impact of the US financial crisis has been felt when Indias stock market started falling. On 10 October, Rs. 250,000 crores was wiped out on a single day bourses of the Indias share market. The Sensex lost 1000 points on that day before regaining 200 points, an intraday loss of 200 points. This huge withdrawal from the Indias stock market was mainly by Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs), and participatory-notes. 2. Impact on Indias trade The trade deficit is reaching at alarming proportions. Because of workers remittances, NRI deposits, FII investment and so on, the current deficit is at around $10 billion. But if the remittances dry up and FII takes flight, then we may head for another 1991 crisis like situation, if our foreign exchange reserves depletes and trade deficit keeps increasing at the present rate. Further, the foreign exchange reserves of the country has depleted by around $57 billion to $253 billion for the week ended October 31.(Sivaraman, 2008) 3.Impact on Indias export With the US and several European countries slipping under the full blown recession, Indian exports have run into difficult times, since October. Manufacturing sectors like leather, textile, gems and jewellery have been hit hard because of the slump in the demand in the US and Europe. Further India enjoys trade surplus with USA and about 15 per cent of its total export in 2006-07 was directed toward USA. Indian exports fell by 9.9 per cent in November 2008, when the impact of declining consumer demand in the US and other major global market, with negative growth for the second month, running and widening monthly trade deficit over $10 billions. Official statistics released on the first day of the New Year, showed that exports had dropped to $1.5 billion in November this fiscal year, (Sivaraman, 2008) from $12.7 billion a year ago, while imports grew by $6.1billion to $21.5 billion. 4.Impact on Indias handloom sector, jewelry export and tourism Again reduction in demand in the OECD countries affected the Indian gems and jewellery industry, handloom and tourism sectors. Around 50,000 artisans employed in jewellery industry have lost their jobs as a result of the global economic meltdown. Further, the crisis had affected the Rs. 3000 crores handloom industry and volume of handloom exports dropped by 4.6 per cent in 2007-08, creating widespread unemployment in this sector (Chandran, 2008). With the global economy still experiencing the meltdown, Indian tourism sector is badly affected as the number of tourist flowing from Europe and USA has decreased sharply. 5.Exchange rate depreciation With the outflow of FIIs, Indias rupee depreciated approximately by 20 per cent against US dollar and stood at Rs. 49 per dollar at some point, creating panic among the importers. 6.IT-BPO sector The overall Indian IT-BPO revenue aggregate is expected to grow by over 33 per cent and reach $64 billion by the end of current fiscal year (FY200). Over the same period, direct employment to reach nearly 2 million, an increase of about 375000 professionals over the previous year. IT sectors derives about 75 per cent of their revenues from US and IT-ITES (Information Technology Enabled Services) contributes about 5.5 per cent towards Indias total export. So the meltdown in the US will definitely impact IT sector. Further, if Fortune 500 hundred companies slash their IT budgets, Indian firms could adversely be affected. 7.FII and FDI The contagious financial meltdown eroded a large chunk of money from the Indian stock market, which will definitely impact the Indian corporate sector. However, the money eroded will hardly influence the performance real sector in India. Due to global recession, FIIs made withdrawal of $5.5 billion, whereas the inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI) doubled from $7.5biilion in 2007-08 to $19.3 billion in 2008 (April-September). Conclusion From the above argument it can be noted down that the Financial or Subprime Crisis was the shear consequences of greed and to make too much profit on the part of Wall Street Firms and Investment Banks. This crisis also shows the failure of capitalist market economy. Though the Indian economy would be able to withstand the crisis without any major difficulty, but the crisis is still causing mayhem all over the world.

The Relationship Between Sexual Taxonomies and Ideas of the Self Essay

The relationship between sexual taxonomies and ideas of the self (e.g. Foucault, Jagose or Halperin) Sexual Taxonomies are not trans-historical; they are socially and historically situated and created. Sexual taxonomies are the different ideas about what sexuality is and they circulate around contexts, consequently forming identities. When we categorise sexuality it is categorised into heterosexual people and homosexual people but it is widely known that heterosexual is the ‘normal’ and accepted sexuality as â€Å"Homosexuality is a deviation from a privileged and naturalised heterosexuality,† (page 72, Annamarie Jagose, 1996). Terms gay, homo and queer do not mean the same things, â€Å"The blanket term "homosexual" has a number of different, related but distinct meanings: there are several groups of people who are covered by this term, and there are significant variations between them,† (Melinda Selmys, 2012) this has created sexual taxonomies regarding homosexual people. The simplest definition of a homosexual is person of the same sex being attracted t o the same sex. This can become very confusing when identify the self. Historically homosexuality has been masked, ridiculed and not accepted in society even if they share the same qualities as heterosexual people for example â€Å"The vast majority of same sex attracted people have some degree of opposite sex attraction as well [and are defined as] a person who [have] an LGBTQ identity,† (Melinda Selmys, 2012). By observing Michael Foucault in the â€Å"The History of Sexuality† (1976) as well as Annamarie Jagose & Judith Butler in â€Å"Queer in Queer Theory† (1996), we become aware of different ideas/identities of the self. It also shows the debate and hardships homosexuals experience with self-id... ...er Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Idendity. Foucault, M. (1976). â€Å"Scientia Sexualis†. In The History of Sexuality: Vol 1 (1990). (pp. 53-65). London: Penguin Books. Hayek, F. A. (1944). The road to serfdom. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Hennessy , R. (2000). Profit and Pleasure: Sexual Identities in Late Capitalism (2nd ed.). Great Britain: Routledge. Retrieved March 30, 2014, from http://davidmcnally.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/henessey-profit_and_pleasure_sexual.pdf Websites: Selmys, M. (2012, March 12). Sexual Authenticity: Intimate Reflections on Homosexuality and Catholicism, Queer Theory. Retrieved March 20, 2014, from http://sexualauthenticity.blogspot.com.au/2012/03/queer-taxonomy.html Warner, M. (n.d.). Queer Theory. Retrieved March 25, 2014, from http://www.australianhumanitiesreview.org/archive/Issue-Dec-1996/jagose.html

Pirandello and Reality TV: When Fine Lines Get Blurred Essay

Introduction Pirandello’s play Six Characters in Search of an Author broke ground by challenging our perceptions of what is real and not.  Ã‚   In the play, the â€Å"invisible barrier†Ã¢â‚¬â€setting apart the actors from their play—is torn down as characters otherwise trapped within the confines of text from a novel or short story emerge into real life, and burst through in the middle of a rehearsal of actors to give themselves life.  Ã‚   The roles are reversed and the actors become the prop by which the â€Å"characters† criticize stage-life, the dynamics of a story, and even the questions of humanity’s existence. His play is most noteworthy, however, by being ahead of its time; the act by which the â€Å"characters†, in need of being given life in any form, act out the very nature of their lives would be reminiscent of the trend of Reality Television today. In fact, the play’s criticisms about the formula of the theatre echo in the present time.   The play’s characters from the prop-actors to the characters-in-need-of-a-medium, represent the different aspects of Reality Television. How accurate was Pirandello’s play in predicting this trend?   What were his criticisms of it, and how much did it hit its mark?  Ã‚   What then was the play’s sentiment towards â€Å"Life forced to play Art†?  Ã‚   This essay will explore this through the evolution of the play itself, from the characterization, to the progression of the themes, and will conclude through the medium of a finished product. Finding a Cast The â€Å"Six Characters† in the playwright’s story that force themselves on a hapless Manager represent various individuals with their respective prejudices, ideas, and reactions towards their need for public expression. They also represent the different people, who are forced upon the klieg lights, particularly under the constant glare of the cameras of Reality Television. The two of the aggressive characters are of the Father and the Stepdaughter.  Ã‚   Pirandello depicts the Father as one who has volunteered to depict his role as truthfully as he can, in order to redeem himself before the eyes of his family, and hopefully smother the guilt, which had been buried in him for some time. The playwright focused much on this character, using him as instrument to question the truths of Man’s existence, his prejudices in life and as mouthpiece for the criticism of the artificialness of the theater.  Ã‚   He is out to superimpose a version of his life that would be acceptable and palatable to his audience, as well as his family. Unwittingly, though, the Father also represents characters in Reality programs such as Big Brother who volunteer to be part of the show to project a positive image of themselves, by acting out what they see themselves as who they are, and through helpful â€Å"confession booths† where they try to explain their thoughts and feelings to the camera.  Ã‚   Pirandello used the Father to explain that persons have their subjective interpretations of the world, which is just as much prejudiced as the person observing them.   This subjective depiction of oneself is magnified through the â€Å"confession booths† of reality television. The Stepdaughter is caught in the trauma of a moment and would like nothing else to perpetuate that moment of outrage as a form of punishment for her father.   She is the most vitriolic critic among the characters of the stage, and the playwright used her as an instrument to attack the formulae that the theatre and plays use to depict â€Å"truer reality†.  Ã‚   Her agenda, of course, is less than noble.  Ã‚   Her character represents those individuals who are forever caught within a traumatic moment that they painfully perpetuate to punish those close to them. This has also been absorbed by reality television in the form of show such as Temptation Island, where situations are force upon people in order to vindicate distrust or even contempt. The Mother, the Son, and the two children are the passive characters who, in one way or another, would rather not be part of the play.   They are, however, trapped to play their part for one reason or another.  Ã‚   The most active of these, the mother and son, represent those who are resistant to their parts, and virulently opposed to it, but tied to it for one reason or another.  Ã‚   In Reality Television, a program My Big Fat Obnoxious Fiancee, forced an individual to fake a wedding and coerce her family to acceding to it. The most tragic of these characters, however, are the children who are silent throughout the general duration of the play only to act the final and central sequence of it through their parts.  Ã‚   These are the persons who are unwittingly trapped in a situation that they would rather have not entered, had they known.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus, Joe Schmoe and Joe Schmoe 2 have people who are not aware that they are in fact in a reality show centered on how they were being fooled. Finding a Theme The Stepdaughter bitterly criticized that the actors trying to portray them are too unnatural in acting out her family’s characters.   Indeed, she pointed out that there were distinct differences in a scene with her father, which she acted with him, and the same scene, which the actors tried to portray. The Father later explained that actors have already begun to act them not in their true form but in a prejudiced idea of what they have observed of the characters or the scene.  Ã‚   This is true enough of media today trying to interpret an event or people by projecting them in a way that explains how they saw the event, rather than how it really was. In the Reality show The Osbournes or Growing Up Gotti for example, the scenes were edited to focus more on the heated moments where the family are caught heaping curses, invectives, or insults at each other, when these are in fact merely isolated instances of it.   The Manager in the play explains that this is only to make the fact â€Å"truer†, and more believable.  Ã‚   Indeed, the most dramatic moments of a reality show are the ones that are given most airtime, and are edited to make it, as the Stepdaughter protested, a â€Å"romantic drama† rather than what it really was. The play’s Manager in one scene explained to the Stepdaughter that a character could not be overemphasized to overshadow another character.   Indeed, that was what both the Father and the Stepdaughter were trying to do.   The inexistence of an actual central character (only a consistent plot and theme) in the play mirrors how some reality shows do not focus on a central character but let the show work out according to how the characters interact amongst themselves.  Ã‚   Survivor and Big Brother are such programs. Conclusion: Unintended Consequences The Manager in the play was caught up in the possibilities of entertainment of using the dynamics of a family’s life, while his acting ensemble watched on.   Faithful through every scene, the tragedies of the characters are indeed perpetuated right to the end (at least, to how far the â€Å"writer† wrote), and it is at this end that the Manager realizes and bewails to what fate it has turned to.  Ã‚   For such is the danger of trying to stage a play based on dynamic characters and true life. It is only the dynamism of the characters—and their respective prejudices—that sets them apart from the static of a written play. Like the Manager in Six Characters, this dynamism can sometimes go out of control and individuals will clash, so a balance is made as to what is aired and what is not.   The â€Å"true form† then, becomes compromised, and prejudiced to what is perceived.  Ã‚   It is entertaining to the audience, as they have a sense of it being an illusion (an illusion of reality, as one character described it), but as the Father adamantly explains, it is real to them. The reality show Temptation Island once seemed to appeal to the audience as a sort-of drama that is often seen in the movies about the test of love.   Ã‚  Reality bursts in, however, when one of the contestants, who just saw her husband flirting with one of the girls from a separate island, was actually pregnant with their child.  Ã‚   With the real prospects of having to break up a family, these candidates are offered an apology and immediately whisked away, and off the program.  Ã‚  Ã‚   It was not an illusion to them; it was real life. Pirandello’s critique is clear: having to stage reality before the audience is only entertainment only as far as they feel detached from it.   Within the glare of the cameras, however, lives are destroyed and perpetuated in â€Å"edited moments† that twist the very nature of it. WORKS CITED Pirandello, L. (1921). Six Characters in Search of an Author. In A. Caputi (Ed.), Eight Modern Plays.   New York: W. W. Norton & Company Inc., 1991.

An Essay on Criticism

Intrigued by his essay, I wondered if what he had to say might hold true today, and whether Pope's words could/should play a part in how we judge things today. Pope's An Essay on Man is divided up into three parts. Of those three parts, two are in our textbook. Of those two parts, one is dedicated to describing how critic's criticism can be unjustified and harmful to the creator. The second part describes the birth of poor Judgment, naming pride and, from what I can tell, ignorance as the culprit parents of a poor critic. In Pope's time, the most commonly Judged works were iterative.Poems, plays, novels, and other readable sources were the mainstream source of entertainment back then. Today, we have a different type of visual media; we watch as oppose to read. TV shows, movies, and Internet videos are our main source of visual entertainment in these times. Music is also another large source of entertainment and probably an even bigger platform for Judgment and criticism if you consid er all the different genres and people's large variety of taste in music. In Lines 17-18, Pope says, â€Å"Authors are partial to their wit, ‘its true, /But are not critics to heir Judgment too? I took this to mean that while authors may not always be putting out gold or writing the next groundbreaking piece, critics arena always the ones to say what the next groundbreaking piece is, or whether it is even good or not. Critics can have biased opinions by human nature and will not like some things no matter how good they are in their own respects. In Lines 21-22 Pope says, â€Å"Nature affords at least a glimmering light,† meaning the author has some internal sense of direction with what they're doing. â€Å"The lines, though but touched faintly, are drawn right. I felt eke this meant that through informal skill and some ignorance, the creator has still managed to put out something worthwhile. Even if it IS bad, it could show some serious signs of potential. To the crea tor, it may be the best work they've ever done, but if allowed to continue creating, they may look back and wonder what the Hell made them think that was okay to call finished. I can personally relate to this because I'm in a terrible little band and I can remember writing songs that we thought were amazing, awesome, and would rock socks right off the feet of my audiences, but years eater, we don't even play those songs anymore.They are completely scrapped. We never really had any bad criticism, but along the way, we criticized ourselves decided to change direction. I'm not sure if I find criticism to be relevant today. Even back in Pope's day, a bad critic usually Just found themselves satirized in one of Pope's works. I think criticism is especially ineffective today because I think it used to be a tool people used to find what they should bother paying attention to, but now we have an almost unlimited source of entertainment outlets we can turn to that we're bound to mind somethi ng we like.I think today criticism either hurts someone's feelings or they'll Just curse you out in there head. I think it is more harmful than effective. Shelley Viscous, a life skills specialist and mind coach, says, â€Å"Hindsight is a wonderful thing but it is that, information we realize after something has already happened. We can then use that information for next time but we cannot change or alter what has happened. So criticism Just rubs salt into the wounds,† (Viscous).I think this is true because my band never had anyone tell us what we were making as good or bad, we simply evolved after saw what we were doing wasn't enough to make people interested in us. And we're still evolving. Right now we're writing songs we think are amazing, d ©J v, and I'm sure we'll once again look back and be borderline ashamed of what we're writing. I think criticism, good or bad, can tend to negatively affect humans psychologically. I'd be willing to bet that if the rankings for the King of the Beasts were dependent on psychological strength and not our ability to create and dominate, Mankind would be near the bottom.Humans are a atheistically weak race when it comes to psychological strength. You don't ever see any lions or tigers with social anxiety disorders or monkeys that are introverted or cry when they get called a loser. The dark realm humans throw themselves in when faced with criticism is called cognitive distortions. â€Å"These negative thinking styles are within psychology known as cognitive distortions. These inaccurate thoughts may seem rational and accurate but in reality they only serve to reinforce negative thinking or emotions, keeping us from feeling good about ourselves,† (Isakson).I'm not ring to act like I'm better than anyone. I know it sounds like I kind of am, but in the article Isakson lists four of the most common distortions, and I am certainly guilty on one of them. Polarize thinking is where, â€Å"you live in a universe where everything is either black-or-white, with no colors or shades of gray. You either look at yourself or others as perfect or as failures,† (Isakson). I very much do this with myself. I'm either in a state of bliss where I'm walking on sunshine, or I'm the scum of the Earth, I'm not worth the dead carcass you pass on the highway, and everyone rightly hates me.It's idiotic and one day I hope to look back on myself and wonder why I ever thought like this. All in all, I think criticism should be kept inside of people's heads. Think what you want to think, but keep it to yourself. Who are you to throw your opinion into someone's vision? That mostly goes to people who aren't professional critics. I think professional critics should have to read and re-read Alexander Pope's An Essay on Criticism because I feel like it does have some good insight on how to be mindful of when you're doing wrong. It's sort of like The Prince for criticism. I feel like that book fits into most situat ions.As for people trying to create something out of a vision or dream they have, I think criticism should either be ignored or lightly acknowledged. Success shouldn't be based on the opinions of the few, it should be measured by all the people that want something to do with whatever it is you're making. There's a quote I heard online once and I couldn't find where it was originally said so I won't be able to cite a source, but director Robert Rodriguez once said, â€Å"l think that everyone has at least a dozen or so bad movies in them; the sooner you get them out the better. † I relate this back to songs. An Essay on Criticism An Essay on Criticism Alexander Pope engraved his name in history by proving that the pen is mightier than the sword. Due to him being a Roman Catholic, he was unable to attend University, vote, or hold office. To add on to that, Pope was plagued with poor health from birth, suffering from tuberculosis of the bone. Pope wouldn't let these barricades stop him from becoming the writer he knew he could be and was encouraged by his father to be. At the age of 23, Pope wrote his first striking poetic piece, An Essay on Criticism.Intrigued by his essay, I wondered if what he had to say might hold true today, and whether Pope's words could/should play a part in how we judge things today. Pope's An Essay on Man is divided up into three parts. Of those three parts, two are in our textbook. Of those two parts, one is dedicated to describing how critic's criticism can be unjustified and harmful to the creator. The second part describes the birth of poor Judgment, naming pride and, from what I c an tell, ignorance as the culprit parents of a poor critic. In Pope's time, the most commonly Judged works were iterate.Poems, plays, novels, and other readable sources were the mainstream source of entertainment back then. Today, we have a different type of visual media; we watch as oppose to read. TV shows, movies, and Internet videos are our main source of visual entertainment in these times. Music is also another large source of entertainment and probably an even bigger platform for Judgment and criticism if you consider all the different genres and people's large variety of taste in music. In Lines 17-18, Pope says, â€Å"Authors are partial to their wit, ‘its true, /But are not critics to heir Judgment too? I took this to mean that while authors may not always be putting out gold or writing the next groundbreaking piece, critics aren't always the ones to say what the next groundbreaking piece is, or whether it is even good or not. Critics can have biased opinions by hum an nature and will not like some things no matter how good they are in their own respects. In Lines 21-22 Pope says, â€Å"Nature affords at least a glimmering light,† meaning the author has some internal sense of direction with what they're doing. â€Å"The lines, though but touched faintly, are drawn right. I felt eke this meant that through informal skill and some ignorance, the creator has still managed to put out something worthwhile. Even if it IS bad, it could show some serious signs of potential. To the creator, it may be the best work they've ever done, but if allowed to continue creating, they may look back and wonder what the Hell made them think that was okay to call finished. I can personally relate to this because I'm in a terrible little band and I can remember writing songs that we thought were amazing, awesome, and would rock socks right off the feet of my audiences, but years eater, we don't even play those songs anymore.They are completely scrapped. We nev er really had any bad criticism, but along the way, we criticized ourselves decided to change direction. I'm not sure if I find criticism to be relevant today. Even back in Pope's day, a bad critic usually Just found themselves satirized in one of Pope's works. I think criticism is especially ineffective today because I think it used to be a tool people used to find what they should bother paying attention to, but now we have an almost unlimited source of entertainment outlets we can turn to that we're bound to mind something we like.I think today criticism either hurts someone's feelings or they'll Just curse you out in there head. I think it is more harmful than effective. Shelley Viscous, a life skills specialist and mind coach, says, â€Å"Hindsight is a wonderful thing but it is that, information we realize after something has already happened. We can then use that information for next time but we cannot change or alter what has happened. So criticism Just rubs salt into the w ounds,† (Viscous).I think this is true because my band never had anyone tell us what we were making as good or bad, we simply evolved after saw what we were doing wasn't enough to make people interested in us. And we're still evolving. Right now we're writing songs we think are amazing, dJГ vi, and I'm sure we'll once again look back and be borderline ashamed of what we're writing. I think criticism, good or bad, can tend to negatively affect humans psychologically. I'd be willing to bet that if the rankings for the King of the Beasts were dependent on psychological strength and not our ability to create and dominate, Mankind would be near the bottom.Humans are a atheistically weak race when it comes to psychological strength. You don't ever see any lions or tigers with social anxiety disorders or monkeys that are introverted or cry when they get called a loser. The dark realm humans throw themselves in when faced with criticism is called cognitive distortions. â€Å"Thes e negative thinking styles are within psychology known as cognitive distortions. These inaccurate thoughts may seem rational and accurate but in reality they only serve to reinforce negative thinking or emotions, keeping us from feeling good about ourselves,† (Isakson).I'm not ring to act like I'm better than anyone. I know it sounds like I kind of am, but in the article Isakson lists four of the most common distortions, and I am certainly guilty on one of them. Polarize thinking is where, â€Å"you live in a universe where everything is either black-or-white, with no colors or shades of gray. You either look at yourself or others as perfect or as failures,† (Isakson). I very much do this with myself. I'm either in a state of bliss where I'm walking on sunshine, or I'm the scum of the Earth, I'm not worth the dead carcass you pass on the highway, and everyone rightly hates me.It's idiotic and one day I hope to look back on myself and wonder why I ever thought like this. All in all, I think criticism should be kept inside of people's heads. Think what you want to think, but keep it to yourself. Who are you to throw your opinion into someone's vision? That mostly goes to people who aren't professional critics. I think professional critics should have to read and re-read Alexander Pope's An Essay on Criticism because I feel like it does have some good insight on how to be mindful of when you're doing wrong. It's sort of like The Prince for criticism. I feel like that book fits into most situations.As for people trying to create something out of a vision or dream they have, I think criticism should either be ignored or lightly acknowledged. Success shouldn't be based on the opinions of the few, it should be measured by all the people that want something to do with whatever it is you're making. There's a quote I heard online once and I couldn't find where it was originally said so I won't be able to cite a source, but director Robert Rodriguez once sai d, â€Å"l think that everyone has at least a dozen or so bad movies in them; the sooner you get them out the better. † I relate this back to songs.I know I have a lot of bad songs in me, so I'm trying to get them out so I can get to the good stuff. The best part about that is the songs are good to me right now, they don't become bad until I write something new. I'll know I'm where I want to be when I look back at my old songs and still want to practice them alongside my new ones, not when a critic tells me,

Slavery Fair Trade Coffee Essay

Slavery Fair Trade Coffee Essay Slavery: Fair Trade Coffee Essay Casey Trejo Professor Kanu Contemporary Slavery 1 March 2014 Coffee The trading system that the whole world navigates proves to be one that is very complex with rules and regulations set upon the process. Workers, management, and people need to follow policies so that their businesses and corporations do not get put under scrutiny and investigated. Fair trade is a movement that is aimed to support producers to make better trading conditions and financial support in developing countries. The fair Trade is needed because around the world there are countries whose workers are being pushed to their own limits just so the companies can get as much work out of them to make a dollar. The massive coffee industry proves to have its up and downs while trying to abide by the Fair Trade policies. Many people do not know what exactly fair trade is and it is important that the world starts to get a grasp on it. Fair trade is a trading partnership that is based on dialogue, transparency and respect which seeks fairness in the international trade. It works to wards making better working conditions, better source of pay, and for securing the rights of people who are working under these companies. There are multiple campaigns that are being held to raise the awareness for changes in the rules and practice for conventional international trade. Looking past the whole trading sense of it, fair trade is really looking for the greater justice in the world and more of a practice in conventional trade. This movement can be recognized by the WFTO logo. To be certified as Fairtrade farmers bring upon a wide range of costs in achieving Fair Trade. A farmer can only recover costs on the small part of their production that they can sell as fair trade certified. For example, since there is not enough demand to take all certified coffee produced, some has to be sold as uncertified. Also coffee farmers have to meet standards on production. There are limits on the use of child labor, pesticides, herbicides and GMO crops. Farmers have to start hiring labor instead of just using their own families and not paying any money at all. Fair Trade coffee is still a small portion of the market, but is the most popular fair trade commodity in the world. The following is an excerpt from the Organic Consumers Organization that defines the criteria for certification: â€Å"Producers FLO maintains a Coffee Producers Registry that is open to associations of small farmers as detailed above. FLO maintains field monitors in countries and regions of origin, and makes annual visits to ensure producer compliance with the Fair Trade criteria. The majority of cooperatives fulfill or surpass the requirements of FLO's criteria wholeheartedly. If producer cooperatives are found not in compliance, they can be put on probation for a period to allow for improvement, and in rare cases, dismissed from the list for serious violations. Importers and Roasters In the U.S., coffee importers and roasters must sign a licensing agreement with TransFair USA in order to sell Fair Trade Certified coffee using TransFair's trademarked seal on their products. TransFair's Monitoring Department handles the US side of the coffee trail by monitoring licensee paperwork, including sales receipts and tracking numbers. Roasters must pay a licensing fee of 10 cents per pound to TransFair to ensure the sustainability of the system, and to ensure that costs for certification are born in the North rather than by the farmers.† The coffee industry proves to be one of the biggest global industries that is running throughout the world today. â€Å"Coffee exporting alone is a $20 billion dollar industry, mostly consumed by industrialized nations while being produced by the world's underclass†(Goldschein). With just coming second to oil, coffee is worth 100 billion dollars worldwide and is ahead of things like natural gas, gold, oil and corn. These coffee farms that are seen throughout Asia,

Relief of a Winged Genius Analysis Essays

Relief of a Winged Genius Analysis Essays Relief of a Winged Genius Analysis Paper Relief of a Winged Genius Analysis Paper The Ancient Near-Eastern period of our history marks a very large fundamental change in the way human culture has evolved. At that time, growth of its people and cities had definite improvement on urban society, which has continued to prevail through the years as a major influence over our evolvement. The Artwork found from that period directly reflects that change and evolvement. Better soil, water accessibility, and easier means of trade with other civilizations provided the fabric for this new change. Pieces uncovered by archeologists such as wall reliefs, vases, coins, statues, and jewelry, really show a sophisticated society unlike any seen before its time. One can only imagine what type of people flourished in ancient Mesopotamia, also known as the â€Å"Fertile Crescent†. Through its villages and cities the Ancient Near Eastern people began to colonize and thus spark the first system of hierarchy. Priests and kings held the rite to the land and t he people worshiped them as divine. Palaces in this time of government were adorned with great splendor. Grandiose statues and intricate wall reliefs gave them life. One piece in particular shows Assyria’s vision of worship and hierarchy. â€Å"Relief Showing the Head of a Winged visually depicts the role of worship and deity among this ancient Mesopotamian civilization. Artwork from any era directly mimics the civilization from where it came. This particular piece with its strong emphasis on line and shape lends itself to an overwhelming sense of stylization and sophistication. Though stylized, Relief Showing the Head of a Winged Genius is also very naturalistic. Dated 883 – 859 BCE., this piece tells a much greater story than its limited visual subject matter would lead its viewer to believe. In it’s roughly, 2ft. by 2ft. frame, the dense-looking gypsum gives a candid view of this winged genius, thought to be some sort of god or higher power. Facial expressions are limited to his profile. Serenity in the genius’s face shows a very friendly disposition while his large eyes with thick, content, eyebrows give him a wisdom that seems all-powerful. The genius’s long beard, with intricate stylized curls, also reinforces the attribute of wisdom. The hint of wings, that can almost be mistaken for hair, and his headdress put to r est any doubts that he should be equal to a regular man. Originally, this relief was a part of something much larger. Boy Genius by Carl M, Cannon, Lou Dubose and Juan Reid is a good read about Karl Rove. Karl Rove is a republican political constant. He is most famously known for being the force behind George Bush and George Bush Jr campaigns. Bush Sr. actually gave him the nickname Boy Genius because he is a genius at getting his candidates elected, but sometimes bush would call him blossom. It depended on the mood he was in. The one who brought me into contact with Arakawa Shusaku was Ota Takako, the former mama-san of Pooh-san, that famous bar in Shinjuku’s Golden Gai district. And the one who introduced me to Pooh-san’s proprietress was none other than Okamoto Taro. Okamoto-san brought me to this small pub, with a counter for no more than four or five people and a few chairs and tables against the wall. â€Å"She’s like you. A woman in whose big-hearted presence you can really relax,† he told me.

Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent Biography

Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent Biography Fluently bilingual, with an Irish mother and a Quà ©bà ©cois father, Louis St. Laurent was an apolitical lawyer when he went to Ottawa in 1941 to be Minister of Justice and Mackenzie Kings Quebec lieutenant temporarily until the end of the war. St. Laurent did not retire from politics until 1958. The post-war years were prosperous in Canada, and Louis St. Laurent expanded social programs and began many mega-projects. While the influence of Britain on Canada was gradually decreasing, the influence of the United States on Canada grew. Prime Minister of Canada 1948-57 Highlights as Prime Minister Newfoundland joined Canada 1949 (see Joey Smallwood)Trans-Canada Highway Act 1949Canada was a founding member of NATO 1949Canada contributed troops to the UN force in Korea from 1950 to 1953. More than 26,000 Canadians served in the Korean War and 516 died.Canada played a role in resolving Suez Crisis 1956St. Lawrence Seaway started construction 1954Introduced equalization payments to distribute federal taxes to provincial governments 1956Introduced universal old age pensionsProvided funds for hospital insuranceCreated Canada Council 1956 Birth and Death Born on February 1, 1882, in Compton, OntarioDied on July 25, 1973, in Quebec City, Quebec Education BA - St. Charles Seminary, Sherbrooke, QuebecLL.L - Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec Professional Background Corporate and constitutional lawyerLaw professorPresident of the Canadian Bar Association 1930-32Counsel, Rowell-Sirois Commission on Dominion-Provincial Relations Political Affiliation Liberal Party of Canada Riding (Electoral District) Quebec East Political Career of Louis St. Laurent In 1941, at the age of 59 and at the request of Mackenzie King, Louis St. Laurent agreed to be Minister of Justice until World War II was over. Louis St. Laurent was first elected to the House of Commons in a by-election in 1942. He was Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada from 1941 to 1946 and again in 1948, and Secretary of State for External Affairs from 1946 to 1948. He was elected Leader of the Liberal Party of Canada in 1948. In 1948, Louis St. Laurent was sworn in as Prime Minister of Canada. The Liberals won the general elections of 1949 and 1953. The Liberals lost the general election in 1957 and Louis St. Laurent became Leader of the Opposition. John Diefenbaker became Prime Minister. Louis St. Laurent resigned as Leader of the Liberal Party of Canada in 1958.

Reccession of 2008 and Great depression Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Reccession of 2008 and Great depression - Essay Example HSBC which is the global largest bank wrote down its holdings of subprime mortgage backed securities by $ 10.5 billion while more than other 100 mortgages companies were either shut down or suspended their operations.US and European Banks lost more than $ 1 trillion on toxic assets during the financial crisis. Northern Rock which was a British bank, was highly leveraged could not obtain credit in the financial markets. Bear Stearns collapsed in March 2008. Other financial institutions made bad losses and were subject to government take over. Lehman Brothers, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and AIG made a lot of losses during the crisis (Halm-Addo 4). Various limits to arbitrage can help explain why assets were selling below their fundamental level at the height of the financial crisis. Constrains to short selling does not account for the assets selling below their fundamental prices. Short selling was evident since investors made speculative short sale bets against the financial assets which made the prices to decline. For instance, short selling led to drop in the value of Lehman Brothers stocks. US Securities and Exchange Commission imposed at temporary ban on short selling since it this method of trading reduced the market confidence and the stability of financial assets (Halm-Addo 40). The â€Å"too big to fail† notion led to moral hazards, bail outs and increased the Fed’s balance sheet. Adverse selection was not caused by the notion of â€Å"too big to fail†. The notion created moral hazard since the financial institutions engaged in predatory lending like Countrywide Financial which advertised low interest rate loans for home refinancing. The notion made banks to borrow short term in liquid markets and purchase long term illiquid assets which were risky. The notion led to the bail out where $ 700 billion Troubled Assets Relief Program was created to rescue the

Research Articles Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Research Articles - Assignment Example The variable being measured is the perceived loving attitude of mothers between children of working and non-working mothers. The research question in this t-test analysis was that; is there a significant difference between the mean of the working mothers and the mean of non-working mothers in the perceived loving mother attitude? One way analysis of variance showed that, based on perceived punishing father, there was a significant interaction between mother’s work status and gender [perceived punishing father: ()]. In this case the test is trying to determine, based on perceived punishing father attitude, whether there are significant difference among the means of the four different groups i.e. male children from working mothers, female children from working mothers, male children from non-working mothers and female children from non-working mothers. In the article, Chi-square test indicated that the mother’s education was effective in mother’s working status (). In this example, chi-square was used to test whether there was a significant statistical association between the working status of the mother and her education level. A correlation test was done between perceived loving mother attitude and perceived loving father attitude. The correlation reports was that there was a positive and highly significant relationship between the two variables (r= 0.472, p=.001). The research question; is perceived loving mother attitude and perceived loving father attitude correlated This value gives a p-value of .000. This p-value is lower than the critical p-value hence the null hypothesis which says that the two variables are independent is rejected. This shows that the test was significant. 6. According to the selected test, the working status of the mother () was insignificant in terms of the score for perceived loving mother attitude. In the perceived punishing father attitude, the mother’s

Ethical leadership Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethical leadership - Assignment Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that ethical leadership is more respected and leaders who implement ethical practices in their actions are known to be established as role models by the followers. But this definition has certain constraints because it looks at leadership from a relativist point of view. Other scholars argue that ethical leadership is a theoretical concept that is difficult to be implemented in the practical world. Some authors also indicate that ethical leadership is much dependant on the individual leader and his social and cultural background. Brown, Mitchel, and Trevino conceptualizes ethical leadership as a part of their social learning theory. The social learning theory establishes that the ethical leaders can influence the employees to display ethical behavior by implementing ethical practices in their own activities. Ethical behavior of the leaders helps to establish the visible and powerful position for the leaders in the organization and helps them to get the attention and interest of the employees. An ethical leadership involves different formal and personal instances. Though there are different views regarding ethical leadership, the most common consensus goes to the fact that ethical leadership is critical in improving the effectiveness of organizations in the current business environment. Ethical leadership is emerging as an important concept in the retail industry. The ethical leadership practices in a leading multinational retailer, Tesco Plc. can be sued as a suitable example to demonstrate the importance of ethical leadership in the current business world. The former CEO of Tesco, Tarry Leahy focused on building the business based on morally right values so as to attract conscious and morally like-minded employees and customers. Tarry Leahy demonstrated ethical leadership in his tenure as the CEO of Tesco Plc.

Sustainability issues in providing Healthcare Services at Nicaragua Research Paper

Sustainability issues in providing Healthcare Services at Nicaragua Canal Project - Research Paper Example The HCSS proposed project’s objectives are focused towards developing a new canal project in Nicaragua whose most beneficiaries are employees and their families in conjunction with provision of healthcare services to the indigenous people. In addition, the proposed project has provoked the HCSS and CSR expertise to design a health management program that proactively identifies evacuating and healthcare services related issues with aims of reducing accidents, trauma and congestion of shipping traffics. Therefore, marketing, environmental management, and human resources related issues are identified within the organization illustrating environmental, Capacity Building and Corporate Social Responsibility dilemmas as the central challenges that needs resolution for mitigation measures (Frutos-Bencze, 2014). The analysis presented in this paper is helpful in understanding sustainability and health care services in relation to Nicaraguan canal development. Further analysis in this paper uncovers the entire organization dilemma, issues, and concepts or approaches used to tackle in tackling all the related issues in relation to HCSS developers, locals, and Federal Government agencies. In details, the paper explores and explains the Nicaraguan environmental issues exposing out the significance of the government structure and the corporate social responsibilities and the theories generated to support the arguments (Ogawa & Suzuki, 2015). Based on international context for sustainability, capacity building, and Corporate Social Responsibility the paper critically evaluates the impacts of environmental implications in relation to the Nicaraguan environmental issues as well as business growth (Grove & Berg, 2014). As Nicaraguan health care program experiences foundational dilemmas from different components of marketing, environmental management to human

Personal Statament for Bsc Drama School (Acting and some applications Statement

Statament for Bsc Drama School (Acting and some applications Mucical Theatre) - Personal Statement Example I had no passion in the job and so I had to quit and pursue acting. Recently, I got involved in armature theatre production and I have never been happier! I straight away new that this is where I want to be for the rest of my life. I feel that I have a lot to give. I am energetic, creative and emotional person with high energy levels. I have an enormous desire to learn the art of acting and it makes me truly content with myself. I feel I am able to capture the attention of the audience and through the knowledge I will get I will be able to perfect my skills and work to achieve better results. This coupled with my creative nature will boost my prospects and help me deliver amicably in acting filed in forthcoming years. There are some key concepts that I have learnt that will be important once I become active in drama. The first one is time keeping. Drama is a demanding career that requires ample time to rehearse and memorise the episodes that one will be involved in. This therefore calls for good time management skills that will ensure that I am always there in time to avoid missing any bit. Another concept is being organised. I have learnt to be organised as an actor as the picture one portrays to the audience may determine the success of the production. I have confidence and I a good communicator and I feel this will also work positively to boost my prospects as I work to become a high profile actor. Drama often involves working in a team. Having good communication skills ensures that one is able to fit in any team and deliver his mandate effectively. I will therefore use this to make my career in acting better. I have come to realize that life is not about the job which is the most financially rewarding but about realizing yourself in the field that one loves and can deliver the best it. So, I feel that now I have the maturity and experience to

Issue Paper (Global warming) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Issue Paper (Global warming) - Essay Example might be increases in the concentrations of unhealthy drinking water and air pollutions, changes in the rainfall patterns and other extreme events could lead to the spreading of some diseases. The effects of global warming may be summarized as follows, Heat waves always lead to cases of stroke and dehydration in our bodies and they form most of weather-related deaths. The menace of heat wave mostly affects the young, old adults and the poor more than it does to the able in the society (Leal 30). The rate and the magnitude of excessive events of precipitation are anticipated to increase in some specific locations as it happens in the harshness of tropical storms. The extreme events may lead to injuries and some extend deaths of the loved ones in the community (Scherer 45). The most vulnerable aspect to this type of climate condition is also the young, the old and those people with some medical conditions together with the poor in the society. There are also indirect effects of the condition to human life that may include the reduction in the availability of fresh water, interruptions of communication and transport networks. There might also be an increase in stomach and intestinal illnesses among the people affected and cases of mental health impacts like depression and post-traumatic disorders (Svensson 50). Changes that happen to the climate may accelerate the spread of some diseases. The disease-causing agents that are known as pathogens are transmittable through water, food, animals and insects too. Climate change affects these transmitters in one way or the other thus affecting an individuals life directly or indirectly (Scherer 78). An increase in temperature leads to increased cases of bacteria that are related to food poisoning because temperature accelerates the growth of bacteria. The resulting diseases may bring about gastrointestinal distress and in extreme cases death. Heavy downfalls and flooding may lead to overflows from sewage lines and

Personal Statament for Bsc Drama School (Acting and some applications Statement

Statament for Bsc Drama School (Acting and some applications Mucical Theatre) - Personal Statement Example I had no passion in the job and so I had to quit and pursue acting. Recently, I got involved in armature theatre production and I have never been happier! I straight away new that this is where I want to be for the rest of my life. I feel that I have a lot to give. I am energetic, creative and emotional person with high energy levels. I have an enormous desire to learn the art of acting and it makes me truly content with myself. I feel I am able to capture the attention of the audience and through the knowledge I will get I will be able to perfect my skills and work to achieve better results. This coupled with my creative nature will boost my prospects and help me deliver amicably in acting filed in forthcoming years. There are some key concepts that I have learnt that will be important once I become active in drama. The first one is time keeping. Drama is a demanding career that requires ample time to rehearse and memorise the episodes that one will be involved in. This therefore calls for good time management skills that will ensure that I am always there in time to avoid missing any bit. Another concept is being organised. I have learnt to be organised as an actor as the picture one portrays to the audience may determine the success of the production. I have confidence and I a good communicator and I feel this will also work positively to boost my prospects as I work to become a high profile actor. Drama often involves working in a team. Having good communication skills ensures that one is able to fit in any team and deliver his mandate effectively. I will therefore use this to make my career in acting better. I have come to realize that life is not about the job which is the most financially rewarding but about realizing yourself in the field that one loves and can deliver the best it. So, I feel that now I have the maturity and experience to

Extreme Couponers Essay Example for Free

Extreme Couponers Essay 1. Look at the examples of extreme behaviors described in the article, then go online and find one more example of extreme consumers. Describe it in detail and discuss how you would deal with these consumers if you were a marketer for the company whose product(s) these extreme consumers are infatuated with. 2. Why do you think so many managers actively avoid or are wary of extreme consumers?  Another example of an extreme consumer is the shopper who radically values savings, specifically those achieved through the use of couponing. You may have heard about them from the television, or even waited in line behind one at the grocery store. These are people who go to extremes to save money by spending copious amounts of time clipping coupons from paper media advertisements. Often manufacturers will promote their goods by offering a limited discount if you redeem one of the coupons they have distributed through their marketing channels. It has even become something of a fad with television shows such as â€Å"Extreme Couponing,† which highlights some of these super-savvy consumers. As a marketer for one of these companies distributing these savings, I would embrace the shopper who takes the time to search for deals by offering more savings for continued purchases or even higher quantity orders. Even with a reduced profit margin, the company will see increased revenues through number of units sold. Managers may actively or even passively avoid some of these extreme consumers because they are intimidated by their product knowledge or they just don’t want to dedicate a larger portion of time to someone who has an obvious infatuation. They may dismiss these people as crazy or neurotic and simply not devote any part of their day to minding them. It would be better to encourage them and consequently heightening the consumer’s already loyal tendencies.

Differentiate among the formal, informal and hidden curriculum

Differentiate among the formal, informal and hidden curriculum The world is ever changing, and what is taught in schools must also change. The concept of curriculum planning must be viewed critically at the purposes, content and processes in a holistic manner. How we perceive of curriculum making is important because our conceptions and ways of reasoning about curriculum reflect and shape how we see, think and talk about, study and act on the education made available to students. Our curriculum conceptions, ways of reasoning and practice cannot be value neutral. They necessarily reflect our assumption about the world, even if those assumptions remain implicit and unexamined. Furthermore, concern with conceptions is not merely theoretical. Conceptions emerge from and enter into practice (Cornbleth, 1990). In essence, ones approach to curriculum is shaped by ones views of the world and their values (philosophy), of how children develop and behave (psychology) and on social issues (sociology) (Harris, 2010). This paper will seek to define the conce pt of curriculum, the formal, informal and hidden curriculum and provide arguments explaining the extent to which the hidden curriculum has a greater impact than the formal curriculum on the development of learners. Depending on ones conception of curriculum, the definition may vary. But an important point to note is that the definition is not static, it is dynamic in that it changes over time. According to Todd writing in 1965, A curriculum is defined as the planned educational experiences offered by a school which can take place anywhere at any time in the multiple context of the school (pg 2). Another definition as posited by Wilson writing in 1990, defines the curriculum as Anything and everything that teaches a lesson, planned or otherwise. He argues that humans are born learning, and therefore the curriculum must encompass a combination of the hidden, informal, formal, political and societal curricula as students learn continuously through experiences and modeled behaviours from their teachers and other members of staff whether administrative, ancillary or otherwise. Dimensions of curriculum planning will encompass the elements or approaches, the types (formal, informal and hidden) and the conceptions or orientations. Whichever type of curriculum is adopted by a department, emphasis must be on the needs of the students, the school context and statutory and syllabus requirements. Wilson (2005) argues that the types of curriculum that exists are open to interpretation as the curriculum reflects the models of instructional delivery and the psychological classifications of learning theories. While he contends that many curricula exist, the formal/overt, informal and hidden curricula are widely used within educational institutions. The formal curriculum is simply that which is written as part of formal instruction of schooling experiences. It may refer to a curriculum document, texts, films, and supportive teaching materials that are overtly chosen to support the intentional instructional agenda of a school. Thus, the overt curriculum is usually confi ned to those written understandings and directions formally designated and reviewed by administrators, curriculum directors and teachers, often collectively (Wilson, 2005). The formal curriculum therefore embodies the learning activities that are planned, organized and implemented within regular school hours. The informal curriculum on the other hand refers to the learning experiences adopted from other agencies outside the formal setting such as parents, peers, media and community. The informal curriculum is sometimes referred to as co-curricular activities. Longstreet and Shane (1993) view the hidden curriculum as the kinds of learning children derive from the very nature and organizational design of the public school, as well as from the behaviors and attitudes of teachers and administrators (pg 46). Whichever type of curriculum is chosen to meet the needs of the students within the defined school context and in lieu with the statutory and syllabus requirements must encompass a h olistic approach to curriculum planning. Sociologist Philip Jackson coined the term hidden curriculum in 1968, although the concept has been around much longer. Jackson argues that what is taught in schools is more than the essence of the curriculum. He thought that schools should be understood as a socialization process where messages are communicated to students through their experience of being in school, not just from things that are unequivocally taught. From another perspective, the hidden curriculum isà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ something coming across to the pupils which may never be spoken in the English lesson or prayed about in assembly. They are picking-up an approach to living and an attitude to learning (Meighan, 1981). The hidden curriculum, then, provides a leeway for educators to impress upon students their values, beliefs and most importantly, the dominant cultural capital. The concept of cultural capital, developed by Pierre Bourdieu, is a set of tools and skills acquired through experience that includes knowledge about how to present oneself vis-à  -vis relations of power (Dalmage Isserles, 2000, p. 160). Bourdieu attempts to expand the understanding of capital to something more than just economic by identifying culture as a form of capital. His concern in relation to cultural capital was with its continual transmission in ways that perpetuate social inequalities. Bourdieu explains school success by the amount and type of cultural capital inherited from the family milieu rather than by measures of individual talent or achievement. For him, ability is socially constructed and is the result of individuals having access to large amounts of the dominant cultural capital. Cultural capital includes ones language, etiquette, preferences, and taste, which Bourdieu (1977, p. 82) terms subtle modalities in the relationship to culture and language. The hidden curriculum therefore has a greater impact than the formal curriculum in the transmission of cultural capital. This is apparent as the formal curriculum is limited to the school context (academic) and within prescribed hours while the hidden curriculum factors in the social construct of individuals and the society in which they live. These subtle modalities are impressed upon them unintentionally within the delivery of the curriculum and usually have a big influence on them. Take for example teaching a Social Studies lesson on democracy at the secondary level. If the students are not given a voice in the classroom and are treated irrationally, they may have a negative perspective about the nature of society. Jackson writing in 1968 contends that the hidden curriculum emphasized skills such as learning to wait quietly, patiently, exercising restraint, completing work, cooperating with others, being punctual and respecting peer differences (Margolis, n.d. pg 5). These features clearly had nothing to do with educational goals. These educational goals were always covered in the formal curriculum and neglect the inculcation of life skills that would promote social change and conformity, preventing any state of anomie (normlessness) in schools and mainstream society. Robert Dreeben as cited in Margolis article The Hidden Curriculum in Higher Education contends that these skills taught students to form transient social relationships and accept responsibility for their actions. He further argued that the hidden curriculum taught students values such as independence and achievement which will be essential for their transition from childhood to adulthood. Within the secondary schools, work is usua lly assigned by teachers with no indication that it must be done. The hidden curriculum encompasses such an enquiry approach where students must create their own learning experiences rather than relying on the teacher for strict guidance. Such guidance is usually systematic and deliberate and falls within the formal curriculum and subsequently does not teach the value of independence or any other life skill. What usually happens is where students thoughts are merely those of the teacher. An argument put forward by Palermo 1990, stated that These days we talk a lot about objectives, subjects, timetables, syllabuses, standards and technologies. These are all important issues, but they seem to me like the tip of the iceberg, what we can see and hear and talk about: the overt part of a curriculum. But what we do not see is just as important, and perhaps more: it is the hidden or covert curriculum, and this is made up of what people teachers, students, parents, administrators bring to it, in terms of their beliefs, attitudes, expectations, motivations. It seems to me that this submerged curriculum is largely unknown, rarely spoken about, and very often underestimated. Quite frankly, she is right. Her argument is that while the formal curriculum is necessary, the hidden curriculum provides a more holistic approach in ensuring that students cognitive, psychological and behavioural traits are taken into consideration when devising a curriculum. The hidden curriculum althou gh unintended usually facilitates the transmission of beliefs with affect how students make decisions regarding their life. This curriculum provides students with a voice in the classroom and does not follow a systematic and deliberate approach to teaching and learning. The hidden curriculum cannot be used in isolation from the formal curriculum. Both complement each other and are essential for the academic, vocational and social development of learners. The formal approach stresses academics within prescribed hours while the hidden curriculum emphasize students forming social transient relationships and the acquisition of societal norms, values and beliefs which in turn affects one desire to participate in deviant acts. This is largely due to the unintended social modalities impressed upon them during the teaching and learning process. While researchers argue that the hidden curriculum elevates and perpetuates the culture of the dominant class a process termed cultural reproduction, they will agree that this curriculum proves more beneficial to oneself and the society in which they live.

What is an Education :: Teching Learning Schooling Papers

What is an Education There appears to be some writing on the note ... What is an Education How was school today, what did you learn in school today, or what did you do in school today? Those seem to be questions every parent asks their child upon their return from a day at school. Most kids answer fine, ok, or nothing. Occasionally the child will be excited about something and actually tell their parent a story. Sometimes it will involve an incident at lunch where a friend threw their bologna sandwich across the table and it hit someone else. Then there are those days where the kid tells how in class they poured vinegar onto some kind of powder and it fizzed like a volcano would. Parents should take note of something like this. This could be a sign at a young age that a child has an interest in chemistry or possibly geology. This could be useful later on down the road when the child is trying to decide which classes to take in high school. With an early expressed interest in a subject area the child may perform better in that area and that would help m ake him/her desirable to colleges. That may all be part of a bigger problem though, getting to college. There is a lot of emphasis put on college. Students are taught that they will go no where without a college education. The focus in high school isnt completing high school, its getting ready for college. When my parents were growing up, one could make it in the world without a college education. Many were expected to head off to work once they received their high school diploma. Some went on to college to get a college degree. College degrees werent necessary, but they were highly looked upon. Nowadays a Bachelor of Arts degree or Bachelor of Science degree in some subject seems to be the requirement and it is the Masters degree that is highly looked upon. With more and more people returning to educational institutions to earn their Masters degree, many students are finding that graduate school is becoming necessary to be able to compete in the job market. The Masters degree is soon on its way to becoming the requirement and the PHD will soon be what is highly looked upon. Every one is so focused on getting a good education, but no one can agree what an education is.

Existence of Reality in Christopher Durangs Beyond Therapy and Edward

Existence of Reality in Christopher Durang's Beyond Therapy and Edward Albee's Who's afraid of Virginia Woolf? Growing up, I always assumed that my parents would grow old together. I fantasized about introducing my future children to their still-married grandparents and attending, if not personally planning, my parent’s fiftieth anniversary celebration. Although my parents fought and struggled with areas of perpetual disagreement, somehow things always worked out and in my naivety, I believed they always would. However, as time progressed, the unresolved, and in some cases unspoken, issues that had plagued my parent’s marriage since its conception festered and ultimately reached intractable proportions. As a messy divorce loomed, each parent explained his version of the events and â€Å"irreconcilable differences† engendering a separation. Although the facts presented in each account matched, my parent’s respective interpretations of the facts differed greatly. As I listened to my parent’s rationalize their inability to get along, I realized that although my parent’s stories did not match, neither party was actually lying. Each parent simply presented to me his or her version of the reasons for divorce. I knew that somewhere hidden in the subtext of my parent’s explanations laid the truth. As I sifted through the slightly convoluted information, I began to wonder, â€Å"Is reality a relative concept?† After reviewing my personal experience, Christopher Durang’s play Beyond Therapy, and Edward Albee’s Who’s afraid of Virginia Woolf?, I reached the conclusion that, as inherently paradoxical as it seems, reality exists as a relative concept. Ostensibly, in the complexities of a divorce, the true reasons necessitating a permanent... ...xtremes of denial and testifies to the true relativity of reality depending upon mindset. After overcoming her denial and admitting that no son exists, Martha lies prostrate as George asks her, â€Å"Who’s afraid of Virginia Woolf?†(242). Martha wearily replies, â€Å"I†¦am†¦George†¦.I†¦am†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (242). In other words, â€Å"Who’s afraid of the truth?† My parents, Stuart of Christopher Durang’s Beyond Therapy, and Martha and George from Thomas Albee’s â€Å"Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?†. Ceasing to rationalize reality to suit one’s needs entails dealing with the truth and experiencing pain. Therefore, it stands to reason that many smart, reasonable people fall victim to the allure of denial. However, as Martha demonstrates, the walls crumble eventually, and one feels the pain as acutely as ever. So, who’s afraid of the truth? The more appropriate question is who’s not afraid of the truth?

Environmental Issues Of Ganga River Environmental Sciences Essay

Quickly increasing population, lifting criterions of life and exponential growing of industrialisation and urbanisation have exposed the H2O resources, in general, and rivers, in peculiar, to assorted signifiers of debasement. Many Indian rivers, including the Ganga in several stretches, peculiarly during thin flows, have become unfit even for bathing. Recognizing that the rivers of the state were in a serious province of debasement, a beginning towards their Restoration was made with the launching of the Ganga Action Plan ( GAP ) in 1985. It was envisaged as a comprehensive programme of river preservation with the aim of bettering the H2O quality. It was visualized that in due class, the programme would be enlarged to cover other major rivers of the state. In order to fix such a major programme, an thorough survey of the Ganga Basin arrived by the Central Pollution Control Board ( CPCB ) . The survey covered all facets of rivers in the Ganga basin including H2O quality. The survey pointed out that besides pollution from municipal and industrial wastes, non-point beginnings like run off from rural colonies, pesticides from agricultural Fieldss, unfastened laxation, dumping of carcases significantly contribute to pollution of the river and render the H2O unsuitable for its intended usage. Equally of import is the issue of flow in the River. Dams and bombardments for hive awaying and deviating H2O for irrigation, domestic ingestion and industry, affect the flow, peculiarly during dry months. This has serious deductions for H2O quality and aquatic life in the river. The Ganga Action Plan Phase I ( GAP I ) was started in 1985 to better the H2O quality of river Ganga to acceptable criterions by forestalling the pollution burden making the river.GANGA BASIN:Ganga drains a basin of extraordinary fluctuation in height, clime, land usage and cropping form. Ganga has been a cradle of human civilisation since clip immemorial. It is one of the most sacred rivers in the universe and is profoundly revered by the people of this state. India has 12 river basins, and 14 childs and desert river basins. Ganga river basin is the largest of these. The Ganga basin lies between East longitudes 73A °30 and 89A ° 0 and North latitudes of 22A °30 and 31A °30, covering an country of 1,086,000 sq kilometer, widening over India, Nepal and Bangladesh. It has a catchment country of 8,61,404 sq. kilometer in India, representing 26 % of the state ‘s land mass and back uping approximately 43 % of population ( 448.3 million as per 2001 nose count ) . Ganga has many feeders, both in the Himalayan part before it enters the fields at Haridwar and farther downstream before its meeting with the Bay of Bengal. -May are the thin flow Calendar months. The surface H2O resource Ganga has been assessed as 525 billion three-dimensional Meters ( BCM ) . Significant abstraction of H2O for assorted intents including irrigation, power Coevals and imbibing H2O has impacted the measure of flows in the river.Some General Information about Ganga[ 1 ]:Here are a few basic facts about the Ganga River. This information will assist you understand the Ganges at a glimpse.Entire Length of River Ganges2,510 Kms ( 1,560 stat mis )Average deepness of Ganga River52 Feet ( maximal deepness, 100 pess )Topographic point of Origin of Ganga RiverFoot of Gangotri Glacier, at Gaumukh, at an lift of 3,892 mArea drained by Ganges River ( Ganges Plains )1,000,000 Square KilometersMajor Feeders of GangesYamuna, Son, Kosi, Gandak, Gomati, Ghaghara, Bhagirathi etc†¦Cities on the bank of GangesKanpur, Soron, Allahabad, Varanasi, Patna, Ghazipur, Bhagalpur, Mirzapur, Buxar, Saidpur etc†¦ The full stretch of river Ganga ( chief root ) can be viewed into three sections: A. Upper Ganga a†°? 294 kilometers Gaumukh to Haridwar B. Middle Ganga a†°? 1082 km Haridwar to Varanasi C. Lower Ganga a†°? 1134 kilometer Varanasi to Ganga SagarTopographic points:There are many metropoliss which are situated on the bank of river Ganga. Concentrating on the province of Uttaranchal and the metropoliss like Haridwar and Rishikesh which are prone to pollution due to the pilgrim's journey. Uttaranchal became the twenty-seventh province of India on November 9, 2000. It borders Tibet in the north-east and Nepal to the south-east, while its adjacent provinces are Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh. Uttaranchal is a part of outstanding natural beauty. The high Himalayan scopes and glaciers cover most of the northern parts of the province, while the lower ranges are dumbly forested. The alone Himalayan ecosystem plays host to a big figure of animate beings ( including bharal, snow leopards, leopards and Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelams ) , workss and rare herbs. Two of India ‘s mightiest rivers, the Ganga and the Yamuna take birth in the glaciers of Uttaranchal, and are fed by countless lakes, glacial thaws and watercourses in the part. The touristry industry is a major subscriber to the economic system of Uttaranchal, with the Raj epoch hill-stations at Mussorie, Almora, Ranikhet and Nainital being some of the most frequented finishs. To this part besides b elong some of the holiest Hindu shrines, and for about 2000 old ages now pilgrims have been sing the temples at Haridwar, Rishikesh, Badrinath and Kedarnath in the hope of redemption and purification from wickedness. Recent developments in the part include enterprises by the province authorities to capitalise on the burgeoning visitant trade. The province besides plays host to some of the worst conceived bigdam undertakings in India such as the hideously big Tehri dike on the Bhagirathi-Bhilangana Rivers[ 2 ].HARIDWAR:Ancient Haridwar ( the Gateway to God ) is one of the seven holiest topographic points in India, and one of the oldest life metropoliss. For Hindus, a visit to Haridwar is believed to supply release from the eternal rhythm of decease and metempsychosis. Haridwar ‘s chief attractive forces are its temples ( particularlyA Mansa Devi temple, where the wish fulfilling goddess resides ) , A ghatsA ( stairss taking down to the river ) , and Ganges River. Peoples take a sanctum dip and cleanse their wickednesss. Haridwar territory, coveringA an areaA of aboutA 2360A KmA with aA population of 14, 44, 213, is inA theA western partA of UttarakhandA province of IndiaA andA extends from latitudeA 29A 58 ‘ in theA north toA longitudeA 78A 13 ‘ in theA E with semitropical clime. ItA receives 1000000s of tourers in everyA month, sometimes merely in oneA twenty-four hours, which increases theA numberA of cars of assorted classs upA toA 120 % per dayARISHIKESH:Rishikesh is yet another Centre of pilgrim's journey and tourer attractive force for Indians every bit good as aliens. Rishikesh is popularly known as the Yoga Capital of the World. Rishikesh is 28 kilometer from Haridwar on manner to Badrinath and is situated at the foothills on either side of sanctum river Ganga and is surrounded by Shivalik scopes from three sides. Rishikesh complex consists of three distinguishable countries, known as Rishikesh, Muni-ki-Reti and Swargashram. The town i s good known for modem and ancient Ashrams. REASON FOR THE POLLUTION:[ 3 ] In theA upper ranges of the Ganga, legion hydel undertakings threaten the river ‘s ecosystem. And in the fields, as the river flows through the provinces of Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal, a toxic mix of untreated sewerage, discarded refuse, agricultural run-off and industrial waste flow unabated into it. Hindus regard the Ganga H2O as pure ; but in world it is pure toxic sludge! So much so that one of India ‘s most cherished resources was besides crowned one of the universe ‘s top five most contaminated rivers in 2007. The Ganga at Haridwar, where 1000s of fans take holy dip and cod H2O, continues to be polluted with sewerage, a scientist has said, proposing a â€Å" parallel canal scheme † for lasting bar of pollution. The state of affairs is most suffering and despite some waste H2O furnishings through a bit-by-bit system of cloacas, the town ‘s sewerage continues to flux about all along the Ganga canal at Haridwar. There is zero direction for solid waste which blocked many nalas, inlets/manholes ensuing non merely in flood of sewerage into the canal but led to most ugly and inaesthetic sites and disgusting smell.Nearly 89 million liters of sewerage is daily disposed into Ganga from the 12 municipal towns that fall along its path boulder clay Haridwar. The sum of sewerage disposed into the river increases during the Char Dham Yatra season when about 15 lakh pilgrims visit the province between May and October each twelvemonth. Harmonizing to the Ganga pollution control unit of Uttarakhand Peyjal Nigam, Haridwar entirely accounts for 37.36 million liters of the sewerage that goes straight to the Ganga without acquiring treated in any plant.A A A A Apart from sewerage disposal of half-burnt human organic structures at Haridwar and risky medical waste from the base infirmary at Srinagar due to absence of an incinerator are besides adding to pollution degrees in the Ganga. It is deserving adverting t hat despite disbursement overA Rs.A 1500 crores by the Ganga Action Plan since its origin in 1984, the river still remains contaminated. The 2nd stage of the undertaking, which is to acquire over in 2008, includes puting up of sewer lines in 8 metropoliss in Garhwal that autumn on the path of the river. Harmonizing to an estimation, during its 2510 kilometre-long class from Gaumukh till Bay of Bengal, about 1 billion liters of untreated sewerage gets disposed into the river.Impact of the Pollution:We should care about the go oning environmental debasement of our oceans and coastal countries because it is damaging to human wellness, economic development, clime and our planet ‘s shop of biodiversity. It is interfering with the sustainability of environment and its resources. Main beginnings of Marine pollution are atmosphere, river overflow, agribusiness, farm animal ‘s, urban overflow, cars, land glade, sewerage outfall, industrial waste etc. Thermal pollutionA is the debasement ofA H2O qualityA by any procedure that changes ambient waterA temperature. A common cause of thermic pollution is the usage of H2O as aA coolantA byA power plantsA and industrial makers. When H2O used as a coolant is returned to the natural environment at a higher temperature, the alteration in temperature ( a ) decreasesA oxygenA supply, and ( B ) affectsA ecosystemA composition.A Urban overflow — storm waterA discharged to come up Waterss fromA roads andA parking tonss — can besides be a beginning of elevated H2O temperatures. When a power works first opens or shuts down for fix or other causes, fish and other beings adapted to peculiar temperature scope can be killed by the disconnected rise in H2O temperature known as ‘thermal daze ‘ . Water quality is besides detoriating because of pollution in river Ganga and it is impacting marine ecosystem. Elevated temperature typically decreases the degree ofA dissolved oxygenA ( DO ) in H2O. The lessening in degrees of dissolved O ( DO ) can harm aquatic animate beings such as fish, A amphibiansA andA copepods. Thermal pollution may besides increase theA metabolicA rate of aquatic animate beings, asA enzyme activity, ensuing in these beings devouring more nutrient in a shorter clip than if their environment were non changed. An increased metabolic rate may ensue in fewer resources ; the more altered beings traveling in may hold an advantage over beings that are non used to the warmer temperature. As a consequence one has the job of compromisingA nutrient ironss of the old and new environments. BiodiversityA can be decreased as a consequence. Three chief types of inputs of pollution into the ocean are direct discharge of waste into the oceans, overflow into the Waterss due to rain, and pollutants that are released from the ambiance.Consequence OF POLLUTANTS ON MARINE ORGANISMSPollutants enters into to the oceans are largely diluted ; nevertheless the beings populating in the oceans tend to concentrate the pollutants into their organic structure by assorted mechanisms, like surface assimilation, soaking up, consumption etc. The concentration of pollutant additions with higher tropic degrees, i.e. from primary manufacturers to the third consumer. The threshold bound of beings to the pollutant concentration addition with increasing tropic degrees. Assorted manner of pollution conveyance in organisms includes bioconcentration, bioaccumulation and biomagnifications. Water pollution besides leads to Large scale decease of aquatic and tellurian animate beings, Reduced reproduction rate, Increased incidence of diseases, Imbalances created in secondary nutrient ironss, Accumulation of bioaccumulative and non-biodegradable pollutants in carnal organic structures, Some organochlorine pesticides ( like DDT, BHC, Endrin ) are known for bioaccumulative and biomagnifiable characters.Bad impact of Water Pollution on Environment and human wellness.The taint of H2O organic structures has enormous negative impact on environment, it has ability to destruct many carnal home grounds, and cause irreparable harm to many ecosystems. Water pollution is non merely killing 1000000s of people around the Earth each twelvemonth, it is besides killing 1000000s of workss and animate beings that merely can non get by with the increasing degrees of H2O pollution caused by different chemicals and other waste. In some countries of the universe H2O pollution issue is wholly out of control, and in these countries polluted H2O spreads different toxins and other chemicals into environment, doing it soiled, and above all unhealthy topographic point to populate in. Among the most common causes of H2O pollution include the pathogens, assorted chemicals or other contaminations every bit good as other thermic beginnings of pollution. Infective causes of pollution in H2O are normally the bacterium every bit good as other micro-organisms that are normally nutrient in the surface of the H2O. If their population exceeds the normal rate, so its effects would be inauspicious to the human wellness. Of class, the chemical beginnings of H2O pollution include those from detergents, germicides, nutrient processing wastes and many more. Water pollution can besides take to assorted diseases like purging or diarrhoea, ill tummy, tegument roseolas, Cancer.Legislation and Attempts to Clean Ganga River:The basic aim taken by the people was to to make mass consciousness for an eco-friendly non-violent civilization of development for the protection of our vital natural systems in general and of the sacred Ganga and the Himalayas in peculiar ; on the other manus, to set moral force per unit area on the authorities, to take time-bound decisive stairss to wholly and for good salvage the Ganga.Ganga Action Plan:The Ganga Action Plan or GAP was a plan launched byA Rajiv GandhiA in April 1986 in order to cut down the pollution burden on the river. But the attempts to diminish the pollution degree in the river became more after passing a ¤Ã‚ ° 901.71A CroreA ( ~190 million USD seting to rising prices ) .A Therefore, this program was withdrawn on 31 March 2000. The maneuvering Committee of the National River Conservation Authority reviewed the advancement of the GAP and necessary rectification on the footing of lessons learned and experiences gained from the GAP stage ; 2 strategies have been completed under this program. A million litres of sewerage is targeted to be intercepted, diverted and treated. Phase-II of the plan was approved in phases from 1993 onwards, and included the undermentioned feeders of the Ganges: Yamuna, Gomti, Damodar and Maha nanda.National River Ganga Basin Authority ( NRGBA ) :NRGBA was established by the Cardinal Government of India, on 20 February 2009 under Section 3 ( 3 ) of the Environment Protection Act, 1986. It besides declared Ganges as the â€Å" National River † of India.A The chair includes theA Prime Minister of IndiaA andA Chief MinistersA of provinces through which the Ganges flows. In exercising of the powers conferred by subaˆ?sections ( 1 ) and ( 3 ) of Section 3 of the Environment ( Protection ) Act, 1986 ( 29 of 1986 ) , the Central Government has constituted National Ganga River Basin Authority ( NGRBA ) as a planning, funding, monitoring and organizing authorization for beef uping the corporate attempts of the Central and State Government for effectual suspension of pollution and preservation of the river Ganga. One of the of import maps of the NGRBA is to fix and implement a Ganga River Basin: Environment Management Plan ( GRB EMP ) . A Consortium of 7 Indian Institute of Technology ( IIT ) has been given the duty of fixing Ganga River Basin: Environment Management Plan ( GRB EMP ) by the Ministry of Environment and Forests ( MoEF ) , GOI, New Delhi. Memorandum of Agreement ( MoA ) has been signed between 7 IITs ( Bombay, Delhi, Guwahati, Kanpur, Kharagpur, Madras and Roorkee ) and MoEF for this intent on July 6, 2010.Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission ( JNNURM )[ 4 ]:40 % of the entire financess under straight or indirectly marked for river preservation, so this has become an indispensable avenue for corruptness. Crores of rupees have gone down the drain over the past many old ages, but things have n't changed a spot. Rather state of affairs has farther deteriorated. Alternatively, inundation field and river bed of bulk of rivers have been sold by the authoritiess to the private builders. Meanwhile, militants of Jal Biradari and Tarun Bharat Sangh, who had earlier rattled the Uttarakhand authorities and forced it to suspend its hydro-electricity undertakings constructed over Ganga, have now started parading in Allahabad. Environmentalists and scientists would be in the Sangam metropolis to take part in the meet called ‘Ganga Sammelan ‘ which was held on September 23, 2011 The call for the meet has been given by Jal Biradari, a organic structure of river environmentalists headed by Magsaysay award victor Rajendra Singh. The participants aim to protest against the authorities ‘s move to put 1000s of crores on river preservation without unwraping its program of action.http: //articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/images/pixel.gifSave Ganga Movement:With the aid of many like-minded organisations and with the moral support from many spiritual leaders, religious and political, scientists, conservationists, authors and societal militants, initiated Save Ganga MovementA against the pollution of river Ganga and its feeders with a seminar on â€Å" Ganga aur hamaaraa daayitva † on 13thA Nov. 1998 at Kanpur. Renowned Gandhians, Shri Sunderlal Bahuguna and Dr. Kanchanlata Sabarwal, besides joined the Movement.Catastrophic Global Ecological Crisis:Harmonizing to the study of the World Wildlife Fund ( WWF ) published on20thA March 2007. Apart from the G anga, the Indus, Nile, and Yangtze are among the 10 most endangered rivers of the universe that are line of life of one million millions of people. Global heating could do more hungriness in hapless states and extinction of many animate being and works species and melt most glaciers of the Himalayas, which is the beginning of the Ganga, the Indus and many other great rivers, by the2030s, harmonizing to a bill of exchange UN study published on 6thA April,2007. The idea of Gandhiji, the apostle of Truth and non-violence of our age, does supply the signifier and content of a non-violent civilization of development in the context of our present technological age, which is the surest and possibly the lone solution to our impending ruinous planetary ecological crisis. The visionaries and Prophetss of all great faiths would hold with the Gandhian solution.Save Ganga Rally at Delhi ( 12thA Nov, 2000 ) :A ardent entreaty was made to the Hon'ble Rashtrapati for his counsel and active support in this cause. A national run was launched with a mass ralley in Delhi on 12thA Nov. 2000, with approvals from the so Hon'ble Prime Minister Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee and many high religious leaders including His Holiness Jagadguru Sri Sankaracharya of Kanchikotipuram, Rev. Dada J.P. Vaswani of Sadhu Vaswani Mission, Pune, in which high individuals like Shri Sundarlal Bahuguna, Smt Tara Gandhi Bhattacharyaji, Dr Kanchanlata Sabarwal, Dr Samprasad Vinod etc. participated.Save Ganga Yatra from Gangotri to Ganga Sagar ( May 2002-Nov 2003 ) :Following two old ages have been devoted to organizing the Save Ganga Yatra from Gangotri to Ganga Sagar in three stages during May 2002 to Nov 2003. In the class of the Yatra, we quite successfully held 3 Save Ganga Seminars and 6 Save Ganga Meetings in which many distinguished scientists, intellectuals, societal militants, societal leaders, Gandhians and spiritual leaders participated and expressed their positions.1stA National Workshop on ‘ Gandhi Ganga and Giriraj ‘ ( 1stA & A ; 2ndA October, 2004 )[ 5 ]:In the National Workshop on ‘Gandhi Ganga and Giriraj ‘ held on the juncture of Gandhi Jayanti as a portion of our Save Ganga Movement at Gandhi Darshan Samiti, Rajghat, Delhi on 1stA and 2ndA October 2004, aA Charter of Ten DemandsA were nem con accepted to be theA Ten Commandmentsto save the Ganga and the Himalayas. A book entitledA Gandhi Ganga and Giriraj, published by Navajivan Publishing House, Ahmedabad and NWO, Pune was released in the workshop.Save Ganga & A ; Save Himalayas March, New Delhi ( 12thA March, 2006 ) :We organized a Save Ganga & A ; Save Himalayas March from Bapuji ‘s Samadhi at Raj ghat to Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi on 12-03-2006, the 76thA Anniversary of Gandhji ‘s Dandi Yatra, and officially presentedA Our Charter of Ten DemandsA in the Office of our Hon'ble Rashtrapatiji in the signifier of an Appeal to Salvage the Ganga and the Himalayas. The Yatra was organi zed/ supported by about 24 organizations.A It was nem con resolved to observe the Day of Dandi Yatra, 12th March, every twelvemonth in the signifier a Save Ganga & A ; Save Himalaya March from Bapuji ‘s Samadhi to Rashtrapati Bhavan till the necessary stairss are taken to wholly and for good salvage the Ganga & A ; the Himalayas.A2ndA National Workshop on ‘Gandhi Ganga and Giriraj ‘ ( 1stA – 3rdA October, 2006 ) :The 2ndA National Workshop on ‘Gandhi Ganga and Giriraj'A was held on the juncture of Gandhi Jayanti as a portion of our Save Ganga Movement from 1stA to 3rdA October 2006 at Haridwar, Uttaranchal to discourse farther profoundly on assorted major issues refering protection of the Ganga and the Himalayas every bit good as to make public consciousness about it. As a portion of the workshop a seminar ‘Gandhi Ganga and Giriraj ‘ was held at M.C. Mehta Environmental Foundation, Eco Ashram at Haridwar on 1stA and 2ndA October 2006 and a Save Ganga & A ; Save Himalayas Public Meeting was held at Har Ki Paudi, Haridwar on 3A rdA October2006.Save Ganga & A ; Save Himalayas March, New Delhi A ( 12thA March, 2007 ) :A March was organized ; 2ndA Save Ganga & A ; Save Himalayas March from Bapuji ‘s Samadhi at Rajghat to Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi on 12-03-2007, the 77thA Anniversary of Gandhji ‘s Dandi Yatra in the Centinary twelvemonth of his Satyagrah in South Africa and presented the Charter of Ten Demands in the signifier of an entreaty to Salvage the Ganga & A ; the Himalayas.Save Ganga & A ; Save Himalayas March, New Delhi ( 12thA March, 2008 ) :Celebrated the 78thA Anniversary of Gandhji ‘s DandiA Yatra in theA A A signifier of aA Save Ganga & A ; A SaveA HimalayasA March fromA Bapuji'sA Samadhi atA RajghatA toA RashtrapatiA Bhavan, New DelhiA A on 12-03-2008.ASave Ganga & A ; Save Himalayas Meeting-cum-Panel Discussion, New Delhi ( 12thA March, 2010 ) :We celebrated the 80thA Anniversary of Ga ndhji ‘s DandiA Yatra in theA A A signifier of aA A A A Save Ganga & A ; A SaveA HimalayasA Meeting- cum- Panel Discussion at Gandhi Darsan, Rajghat, New Delhi on 12thMarch, 2010. There was an indispensable understanding on the following two points: The extremely earth quiver prone, eco-fragile Uttarkhand part of the Ganga Basin must be declared â€Å" Ecological Fragile † and its rivers â€Å" wild river † A and all stairss must be taken to protect themA and theA natural eco-systems theyA support 2.A A A Since our rivers are the beginning of imbibing H2O for crores of our common people and besides for the animate beings and STPs can non change over sewerage into drinkable H2O, industrial wastewaters and infirmary wastes treated or untreated and besides sewerage from the metropoliss and towns treated or untreated, must notA be allowed to come in into the rivers: A cloacas must be separated from rivers and sewerage must be converted intoA valuable natural manure for organic agriculture, bring forthing electricity in the procedure wherever possible.A The chief nonsubjective ofA â€Å" Save Ganga & A ; Save Himalayas Yatra fromA Badrinath to Rameshwar † is A to convey together under one roof assorted like-minded A high individuals from different watercourses of life A and like-minded spiritual leaders & A ; A spiritual establishments of different religions, Gandhian leaders & A ; Gandhian establishments, societal militants & A ; NGOs, etc. to give to the cause of making ( 1 ) The mass-awareness necessary A to salvage the Ganga, typifying all rivers and H2O organic structures, and the Giriraj Himalaya, typifying all mountains, woods and wildlife ( 2 ) TheA mass-awareness necessary A to make a Gandhian Non-violent Culture of Development, which is the surest and possibly the lone solution to our impending ruinous Global Ecological Crisis, through Save Ganga & A ; Save Himalayas Meetings/ Seminars/ Workshops, etc to be held in assorted major cities/ pilgrim's journey centres of our state in the class of the Yatra.A It is profoundly fulfilling that our Save Ganga Movement has succeeded to a great extent to bringA under one umbrella assorted like-minded eminent scientists, societal workers and organisations, A Gandhians, A A religious leaders and organisations to work togetherA for the perfectly non-controversial baronial cause of Salvaging the Ganga and the Himalayas.Supreme Court of India:The Supreme Court has been working on the closing and resettlement of many of the industrial workss along the Ganges and in 2010 the authorities declared the stretch of river between Gaumukh andA UttarkashiA an â€Å" eco-sensitive zone † .Nigamanand:In early 2011, a Hindu visionary namedA Swami Nigamananda SaraswatiA fasted unto decease, protesting against illegal excavation go oning in the territory ofA HaridwarA ( inA Uttarakhand ) ensuing in pollution.A Following his decease in June 2011, hisA AshramA leader Swami Shivananda fasted for 11 yearss get downing on November 25, 2011, taking his motion fr ontward. Finally, the UttarkhandA authorities released an order to censor illegal mining all over Haridwar district.A Harmonizing to disposal functionaries, quarrying in the Ganges would now be studied by a particular commission which would measure its environmental impacts the river and its nearby countries.Prof. G. D. Agrawal:Noted environmental militant, Prof.A G. D. AgrawalA sat for fast unto decease on 15 January 2012.A Due to back up from other societal militants likeA Anna Hazare, theA Prime Minister of India, A Manmohan SinghA agreed to Prof. Agrawal ‘s demands. Consequently, he called for a National River Ganga Basin Authority ( NRGBA ) meeting and urged the governments to use the 2,600 crore ( ~520MA USD ) sanctionedA for making sewer webs, sewerage intervention workss, sewerage pumping Stationss, electric crematory, community lavatories and development of river foreparts.Failure of Ganga Action Plan:It is genuinely deeply anguishing that we have failed to do the Gan ga free from pollution in malice of our cardinal authorities establishing the Ganga Action Plan in 1985, and passing 100s of crores of rupees for this intent, even though we know that the Ganga is the line of life of our crores of people and crores of our people consider her to be their Godhead female parent, and our experts claim that we have the necessary cognition, accomplishment and wealth to do the Ganga and her feeders wholly pollution free withinA 4-5 years.A GAP suffered from the undermentioned restrictions[ 6 ]: Merely a portion of the pollution burden of the river could be tackled. GAP concentrated on bettering the H2O quality of Ganga, in footings of organic pollution and dissolved O. Merely the effluent of towns fluxing through the drains to the river was targeted. Connections of family lavatories to the cloaca system, solid waste direction, and some other critical facets of municipal activities, which impinge on the H2O quality were non addressed. The issue of guaranting environmental flows in the river was non attended to. This has become progressively of import in position of the viing demands on the Ganga H2O for imbibing, irrigation and power coevals. Adopting more efficient H2O preservation patterns could hold reduced the demand for abstraction of H2O from Ganga. Problems of land acquisition, tribunal instances, contractual issues and unequal capacities in the local bodies/implementing bureaus came in the manner of rapid execution. Tree screen in the Ganga basin has reduced well and set down usage form has changed taking to dirty eroding. Sediment output and its sedimentation on the river bed were besides non monitored. Pollution burden from non-point beginnings was addressed marginally. No attending was paid to run-off from agricultural Fieldss, which brings non biodegradable Pesticides into the river. Measures necessary for the bar of pollution of the river H2O while be aftering New colonies or enlargement of the present 1s were non considered. Watershed development every bit good as groundwater and surface H2O interaction were non covered. Merely Class-I towns on the Bankss of rivers were taken up. Thus a big figure of urban colonies remained outside the horizon of the Plan. Pollution from rural sector was non addressed. Several parametric quantities such as heavy metals, pesticides, N and phosphoric were non monitored. These parametric quantities have become of import with increased industrialisation and urbanisation.Suggestions and Recommendations:Gangotri Valley to be viewed as a topographic point of pilgrim touristry and religious activities. All Commercial activities in the locality of Gangotri ( say within 500 m ) to be transformed into eco friendly activities. Plan for environment protection and saving of natural and pristine conditions ( e.g. hotel civilization to be changed to hut civilization ; terrible limitations on nightlong stay of tourers, publicity of pilgrim touristry than commercial touristry, easing â€Å" Pad Yatra † , promoting usage of locally available stuffs, proviso for unintegrated aggregation of full solid waste of all sorts, wholly extinguishing disposal of any sort of waste from anthropogenetic beginnings in the vale, complete recycle/reuse and transition into acceptable merchandises of wastes generated ; sanitation and bathing installations with no direct/indirect discharge into river vale, control of noise and unreal lighting, etc. ) . Harshil to be developed as nature friendly, zero waste terminal pilgrim tourer topographic point with installations of ashrams, invitee houses, parking, cyberspace, etc. Environmental Flow ( E Flow ) to be estimated at assorted topographic points, peculiarly for those stretches where river flow has been modified. Flow measuring and show devices to be developed for all such stretches by the undertaking implementer. All bing hydro electric undertakings may be redesigned and operated based on demand of E-flows. Community lavatories and wash suites with zero discharge of solid and liquid wastes to be developed at figure of topographic points as per approved program for the full UGS. River Bank and River Water Quality Management Plan to be prepared expeditiously for Uttarkashi, Shrinagar, New Tehri Town, Rudra Prayag, Dev Prayag and Rishikesh on precedence. Eutrophication potency of all impoundings to be assessed and measures taken to command release of foods from point and nonaˆ?point beginnings. Industries straight or indirectly dispatching their solid/liquid wastes into Ganga must be directed to follow best available patterns for pull offing solid/liquid wastes and achieve complete recycling of H2O and proper disposal of solid wastes/sludges as per norms enforced by the regulation bureaus. Ganges Dolphin Conservation Zone Garhmukteshwar – Narora Barrage to be declared as â€Å" NO GO AREA † for which elaborate surveies have been done by World Wildlife Fund, India. Hydrological and morphological surveies for pull offing sediment conveyance and H2O resources. Function of the Ganga Basin Preparation of a Compendium of sewerage intervention engineerings. Discussion on modes of Particular Purpose Vehicles ( SPV ) at appropriate locations as a agency of mobilising private sector resources and accomplishing efficiencies. Collection, analysis and airing of information relating to environmental pollution in the river Ganga. Probes and research sing jobs of environmental pollution and preservation of the river Ganga. Promotion of H2O preservation patterns including recycling and reuse, rain H2O harvest home, and decentralised sewerage intervention systems. Monitoring and reappraisal of the execution of assorted programmes or activities taken up for bar, control and suspension of pollution in the river Ganga. Issue of waies under subdivision 5 of the Environment ( Protection ) Act, 1986 for the intent of exerting and executing all or any of the above maps and for accomplishment of its aim.Decision:The Pollution degree in the River Ganges has raised to a great extent and if it is non controlled now so the sacred Ganga wo n't be that Holy any longer as it will be the Centre to distribute disease and convey marine life to an terminal. The GAP should be brought into proper execution and societal consciousness among people is a must to accomplish this end. Peoples should come frontward to salvage this river from being polluted more. Salvage the Ganga River is the demand of the hr now.