Reading between the Lines In Search for Fallacies

One of the most topical issues in the circle of writing, the issue of false notions will consistently stay on the plan. Here and there it appears that passing on the possibility of the story without mutilating it or recommending a smallest deviation from the point is totally impossible.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Reading between the Lines: In Search for Fallacies explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Analyzing the content â€Å"Help Those Who Help, Not Hurt, Themselves†, one can see various errors to check. In spite of the fact that the possibility of the content is very clear, certain issues may cause a significant case of a typical misconception. A genuine case of a run of the mill false notion in the content is the similitude that interfaces the vagrants to the destitute creatures, in the given case, the squirrels in the recreation center. Calling them two destitute, the creator therefore permits the accompanying recommendations: the individuals are destitute; the squirrels are also. Saying that the administration gives the destitute money related help, the creator of the content along these lines permits the speculation that the legislature offers budgetary help for squirrels too, which is clearly false. The case of the deception driven above can be delegated an ordinary proper paradox that assumes an end dependent on bogus sensible contemplations. A clearly incorrect train of considerations, this prompts a contention inside the content, making it to some degree silly and therefore impeding the comprehension of its imply. Another case of paradox in the given content is the regular verbal error; to be progressively exact, it is the thing that must be known as a misrepresentation †the exceptional methods for contorting reality. A verbal paradox, it can prompt certain disarrays also. Expecting that every vagrants are poor, the administration thinks about that they should be aided a similar route as the p oor †in particular, by furnishing them with the monetary assistance that is adequate to support their life and get them far from driving a transient way of life. In any case, clearly such supposition that is certifiably not a solitary inch nearer to reality. The last, yet not the least, is the alleged advertisement populum. As the creator of the content accentuates, the general public is totally coerce ridden, which brings about the way that the general public beginnings taking care of poor people. Coherently, this can be situated rather as a bogus endeavor to require the people’s sentiment of empathy rather than truly helping individuals adapt to the problem.Advertising Looking for article on american writing? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is evident that, attempting to fathom the issue concerning the poor people in the nation, the administration is applying to the publics kindness, requesting that they help those out of luck. In any case, in regards to the condition of the homeless people, one can see plainly that these are the charity given to them just exacerbate things. Becoming acclimated to the cause, these individuals overlook how to win professionally, which implies that they will always be unable to come back to the general public. Subsequently, it must be conceded that in the given case, there is a misinterpretation regularly known as promotion populum occurring. it must be referenced that false notions are of impressive effect on the consequence of the contention. When utilizing conflicting contentions, one definitely loses the contention. Except if the thoughts driven for the conversation are all around created and thoroughly considered, the aftereffect of the discussions will be a disappointment. In this way, thinking about the realities and the conditions, one needs to take extraordinary consideration of the essential realities and proof accessible. This paper on Reading between the Lines: In Search for Fallacies was composed and presented by client Dalia O. to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for examination and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

Cultural Event Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 13

Social Event Report - Essay Example As declared, the shows during that specific day include: Read My Pins: The Madeleine Albright Collection; the Yves Saint Laurent: The Retrospective; Focus: Earth and Fire; Garry Winogrand: Women Are Beautiful; and Blue and White: A Ceramic Journey; among 22 occasions. There were two structure in the premises: the North Building that housed the primary exhibition hall, which is a seven-story structure. Moreover, another structure, the Frederic C. Hamilton Building house extra assortments of the historical center. Both compositional structures are types of craftsmanship in themselves as they utilized creative styles and are interestingly planned. The Yves Saint Laurent: The Retrospective display began on March 25, 2012 and would run until July 8, 2012. It exhibited a surprising assortment of high fashion articles of clothing, photos, drawings, and movies that embody the advancing long stretches of Saint Laurent as an architect. The way the articles of clothing, photos, and memorabilia were introduced was simply eminent and is exceptionally demonstrative of the quality and brilliant picture that Saint Laurent has oozed as the years progressed. The assortment entitled The Dior Years were basically stunning in magnificent flawlessness and magnificence. Four high fashion pieces of clothing were displayed in dim, dark, white and red; in styles that epitomize immortality. In like manner, in another feature, The Shock of Colors, was similarly stunning as the restricted room was obviously lined from floor to roof in a rainbow of texture patterns, where the dividers are secured with pages allegedly taken from Saint Laurent’s old note pads. The converging of these patterns with the articles of clothing showed viably conveyed the message to the review crowd. There were as yet different creator pieces, for example, the ‘Paris Rose’, the long night dress in dark and hung with pink silk strip on the bodice which was the focal point of the display. All these brilliant presentations speak to long periods of masterful plans that are being shared

Fall 2017 New Students Series Esteban Angel COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Fall 2017 New Students Series Esteban Angel COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog In todays installment of our  New Students Series were welcoming Esteban Angel from Bogota, Colombia. Esteban studied mechanical engineering at Universidad De Los Andes, and  he hopes to be a leader in the energy policy field one day. He admits that he cried after reading his acceptance letter, and he is excited about living in his dream city. Were excited to meet you, too, Esteban! Full Name: Esteban Angel Age: 29 Degree Program: Master of Public Administration Concentration: Energy and Environment Hometown: Bogota, Capital District, Colombia Undergraduate University: Universidad De Los Andes Undergraduate Major: Mechanical Engineering Undergraduate Graduation Year: 2012 What’s your professional background? My professional background is in consultancy and private equity, both focused on social and economic development. I worked for two years in Compartamos con Colombia (www.compartamos.org) a non-profit consulting firm focused on positive social impact projects in Colombia. Then I moved to Bamboo Capital Partners (www.bamboocp.com) an impact investing private equity firm specialising in investing in business models that benefit low-income communities in emerging markets, where I currently work. Did you apply to SIPA to change careers or to gain experience in a career path you already have experience in? I want to gain experience in the energy sector, this may imply a career change but not necessarily. I want to learn a lot about energy policy but this can be implemented both in the public or private sector e.g. a private equity firm focused in renewables. What was your reaction when you found out you were accepted to SIPA? I must accept that I was so happy that I cried. Why did you say yes to SIPA? Because it is the program/university which I most wanted and also because I have always dreamed about living in NYC. What do you most look forward to as a graduate student at SIPA? Meeting amazing people and living in a wonderful city, while learning a lot from teachers and their courses. Do you have any apprehensions about starting graduate school? None What are your goals after SIPA? My main goal is to become a leader in renewable energy policy and implementation. If you could change one small thing about your community, country or the world, what would it be? Well, it is not a small thing, but definitely, I will eradicate the internal conflict and violence in my country, Colombia. Tell us something interesting about yourself: I like a lot knowing new people and travelling. Im also a big soccer and biking fan. Looking forward to meeting seeples with whom I can play soccer and ride, in NYC and surroundings. Share your story by completing  the New Student Self-Interview Form  today! [Photo courtesy of Esteban Angel] *Note: This series is published in its original form with no editing.

Essay on We Are Spending Too Much On Prisons - 1060 Words

We Are Spending Too Much On Prisons Would you believe that America has spent around five hundred billion dollars on prisons.(Butterfield) Why are the tax payers of America spending so much money on prisons and not other effective solutions to stopping crime? The American legislation is closed minded about reducing crime. They believe that prison is the one and only solution. Since crime keeps occurring, more and more prisons need to be built and kept running for the increasing numbers of inmates that are pouring into prisons. Prison may be part of the solution, but there are other alternatives to help criminals. If we were to incorporate facilities like drug rehabilitation and job training into the criminal justice system then†¦show more content†¦The average American sees the simple solution of more prisons to accommodate more convicts satisfactory.(Butterfield) If the American public could receive education on better treatments for prisoners I believe that they would want their money to go to better solution s that would keep prisoners out of prison and make the prisoners time served an educating experience. There are many other options besides prison to help reduce crime. A study was done on prevention versus prison, by Peter Greenwood of the Rand Corporation which investigated four prevention programs to see if they would help prisoners to learn morals and ways to live without crime, which would hopefully lead to not committing more crimes after they were released.(Butterfield) The program was called Head Start, a parent training program designed for 12 and 13 year olds, the program keeps high risk juveniles in high school. They found that these programs were twice or three times as cost effective as just putting people in prison.(Butterfield) Social programs like these can be applied to children as well as convicts and have similar positive effects to keep people out of prison for the long run. Research done by the National Criminal Justice Reference Service shows similar positive results to a drug treatment facility where prisoners wereShow MoreRelatedHow The Cuts Should Be Legal1713 Words   |  7 Pages Reduce Spending in California s prison system . When we as state are spending more to house a single convicted felon for a year than we are spending to educate one student per year it clearly is time to reevaluate the budget . It is time to make cuts that not only will save taxpayers money but ones that if we restructure the spending can actually help to impose a form of punishment for the inmates . Reduction in spending is needed because we are spending far too much to house an inmatesRead MoreCorrections : A Costly Need For The American Society974 Words   |  4 Pagesthe American Society. Many people are wondering if we are spending too much on corrections. This is a very important question. At what cost have we put the demand for punishment on a pedestal that sits beyond the pedestal of reason. With individual states spending billions of dollars on correctional facilities, Americans are left wondering where all the money is coming from, but what Americans really need to be asking themselves is, â€Å"Can we find a solution to not only lower the cost of correctionsRead MoreDo The time, Lower The Crime by James Q. Wilson and Mandatory Minimum Drug Sentences Waste Resource by Kevin Zeese1205 Words   |  5 PagesPrison reform has been talked about since the late 1800’s and early 1900’s with the goal of giving prisoners better living conditions. Today’s issues involving prison reform have caused many debates on whether or not prisons should change their traditional ways and try to find a more suitable solution with prison related problems like overcrowded facility and huge sums of money being spent on these prisons. Two article that are going to be analyzed in this essay are entitled â€Å"Do the time, lower theRead MorePrison Reform in the United States of America1318 Words   |  6 PagesPrison Reform in The United States of America â€Å"It is said that no one truly knows a nation until one has been inside its jails. A nation should not be judged by how it treats its highest citizens, but its lowest ones† (Nelson Mandela, 1994). The United States of America has more people behind bars than any other country on the planet. The prisons are at over double capacity. It cost a lot of money to house prisoners each year. A large number of the prisoners are there because of drug related offensesRead MoreU.S. Prison Costs Essay example1610 Words   |  7 PagesS. Prison Costs After reading the essay, â€Å"A Homemade Education,† an autobiography of Malcolm X, I became quite curious about how many dollars America spends toward the prison system and how it affects our society. The autobiography itself covers how Malcolm X gained a homemade education simply by reading books while serving time in prison. He claimed, â€Å"I don’t think anybody ever got more out of going to prison than I did†¦prison enabled me to study far more intensively†¦sometimes as much asRead MoreJust Kill Em? Essay1431 Words   |  6 Pagesabout it, but maybe we should forget what we have done in the past and take a second look. The death penalty should not be used in the United States because it is too expensive, affects the poor and minorities more than others, and (even though many people think it is true) the death penalty does not deter crime. A common argument for the death penalty is the idea of â€Å"an eye for an eye.† If someone commits murder then they should be killed as a punishment, but how much are we willing to pay forRead MoreThe Prison System And The Prisons System Essay1258 Words   |  6 Pagesmade me realize how much prison affects someone. In the US the prison system is completely different than the prison system in Denmark. After watching Prison State, I didn’t really know what the pros were of our prison system. I saw more cons than pros. I was completely shocked by the way that Denmark runs their prison system. The video confused me a bit, so I did some research and found an article that I understood a little bit better about Denmark’s prison system. The US prison system is definitelyRead MoreInvestigating The Roots Of The Prison Industrial Complex1576 Words   |  7 PagesExamining the Roots of the Prison Industrial Complex Sydney Conlon On July 13th, 2015, President Obama granted clemency to 46 prisoners, facing decades of prison time for low-level non-violent drug offenses. Obama said the nation is spending too much money on incarceration of individuals who received long sentences for relatively minor drug crimes, and so by granting amnesty to these 46 prisoners, he hopes to push the drive towards prison reform. This simple action gave four dozen prisoners a secondRead MoreArgumentative Essay on Americas Problem of Prisons897 Words   |  4 PagesAmerica has a major problem with overcrowding in its prisons, and action needs to be taken. Since 1970, the inmate population in the United States has increased over 700%, far greater than the general population as a whole. This has led to declining quality of life within the prison system including 8th Amendment violations and it represents a needless drain on state finances. There is simply no value in keeping non-violent convicts in the prison system, sometimes for years. The costs are high, andRead MoreCapital Punishment And The Death Penalty947 Words   |  4 Pagesas if we should find alternative ways to hand down consequences because it does not decrease the murder rate, Taxpayers put millions of dollars into the death penalty system, The death penalty puts innocent lives in danger, and we force other civilians to kill another human being. Although capital punishment can decrease the population of many inmates that may have committed gruesome crimes, it cannot decrease the gruesome murders that are accruing every minute on the other side of prison walls

The Tradition Of Music Through The People Of A Sardinia...

In Sardinian Chronicles, Bernard Lortat-Jacob seeks to explain Sardinian music through the people involved in the creation of it. The tradition of music in Sardinia runs deep, and Lortat-Jacob shows the importance it has to the residents of the island. Many lives are defined completely by music, and these people are the ones in which Lortat-Jacob focuses in on to study. Deeper than this though, the author shows how a rich and dynamic scene is affected by the powerful marching of time. Particularly in the monograph, a vignette regarding the residence and life of a Sardinian craftsman named Attilio, this affliction is shown. The article shows how the Sardinian musical culture has succumb to the aging process. The fragility of a tradition is emphasized through a rich character portrayal and inferred admiration. Thick description is the method in which Lortat-Jacob arrives at his conclusions, or more accurately, his notable lack of them. Such a vivd, descriptive way of writing lends itse lf to unique interpretation by each reader individually. By including himself, Lortat-Jacob shies away from the empirical tradition of ethnography and emphasizes the importance of the character. The narrative style allows the author to vividly describe the events to the reader while still maintaining an interesting, engaging purpose. These methods show that the author has opted for a more wholesome, modern view of culture and ethnography. Objectivity is not needed, just a simple set of

Not Everything That Is Learned Is Contained in Books Free Essays

Learning is a good way to improve intelligence of human being. There are a lot of sources which people can learn from, such as books, works, social environment, reading and so on. Among these sources, learning from book is an efficient way to get a lot of knowledge. We will write a custom essay sample on Not Everything That Is Learned Is Contained in Books or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, not all things are included in books and it is just a source for knowledge. It is probable that books are an enormous source of knowledge for the people to study. There are different types of books, for example novels, journals, scientific books, sociology books, news, reports and so on. When the basic education or specific field of interest is needed to study, learning from books is an effective way to be efficient in it. Some books give people the experience of the writers. These books are valuable for the people because although they did meet with this experience, they will easily know about these experiences. Therefore, books are a good source of knowledge for the people. On the other, reading books is not a perfect way of studying since not everything that is learned is contained in books. There are unlimited amount of knowledge and experience that we have to learn in our real lives, and it is called life experience. Life experience can only be found in the real life and learning from books will only be knowledge. For example, if a person gets a serious disease, only this person will know how serious it is and others people will know only as knowledge. This person may also improve the maturity by thinking how life is impermanent. Therefore, not everything that is learned is contained in books. In conclusion, studying form books is only a part of learning. The perfect way of learning is to learn from books and from real life as well. How to cite Not Everything That Is Learned Is Contained in Books, Papers

Types of Teachers Classification, Philosophy of Education free essay sample

Teachers serve as the guiding force in a student’s life. They are responsible for molding a student’s personality and shaping his/her mental orientation. Teachers deeply impact our lives and direct the course of our future. One can not deny the influence of teachers in one’s life. It could be positive or negative effect. There are three types of teachers strict, friendly and cool.First, a strict teacher is hard on their students, but for good reasons. They come to school to teach above all, not to make friends with students. Their respect must be earned and they expect from students to take responsibility for all of their actions. They may hard on their students but this does not they are not bad person they just want to prepare students to life in a harsh way. For instance, they are going to push you so hard that you do not want to go school but at the end you will success. We will write a custom essay sample on Types of Teachers: Classification, Philosophy of Education or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Another one is cool teachers who can solve students problems. They can protect students from other teachers like crazy ones. Cool teachers break the rules. Cool teachers know which boundaries can easily be crossed in their classrooms without the school crumbling. For example no gum chewing or no cell phones in class. When cool teachers do that students feel free and they will study more efficient.Finally, a friendly teachers like a God-sent to the students. According to survey conducted by Swiss Scientists friendly teachers are favorite teacher in every school without exception. A friendly teacher can give a healthy boost to a childs personality development. They can make students feel at home. Students can talk with them about everything. For instance, They can talk about favorite Tv shows like Game of Thrones or personal life. Students can trust friendly teachers.In conclusion, altough there are two main categories to classify teachers in, those liked or disliked by students, there are many more spesific subcategories like strict, friendly and cool. They have different methods of passing on their knowledge there is where students begin to like the teachers, according to their own individual preferences.

Great Gatsby Essays (559 words) - The Great Gatsby, Jay Gatsby

Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby, a novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald, is about the American Dream, and the downfall of those who attempt to reach its illusionary goals. The attempt to capture the American Dream is central to many novels. This dream is different for different people, but in The Great Gatsby, for Jay, the dream is that through wealth and power, one can acquire happiness. To get this happiness Jay must reach into the past and relive an old dream and in order to do this he must have wealth and power. Jay Gatsby, the central figure of the story, is one character who longs for the past. Surprisingly he devotes most of his adult life trying to recapture it and, finally, dies in its pursuit. In the past, Jay had a love affair with the affluent Daisy. Knowing he could not marry her because of the difference in their social status, he leaves her to amass wealth to reach her economic standards. Once he acquires this wealth, he moves near to Daisy, "Gatsby bought that house so that Daisy would be just across the bay," and throws extravagant parties, hoping by chance she might show up at one of them. He, himself, does not attend his parties but watches them from a distance. When this dream doesn't happen, he asks around casually if anyone knows her. Soon he meets Nick Carraway, a cousin of Daisy, who agrees to set up a meeting, "He wants to know...if you'll invite Daisy to your house some afternoon and then let him come over." Gatsby's personal dream symbolizes the larger American Dream where all have the opportunity to get what they want. Later, as we see in the Plaza Hotel, Jay still believes that Daisy loves him. He is convinced of this as is shown when he takes the blame for Myrtle's death. "Was Daisy driving?" "Yes...but of course I'll say I was." He also watches and protects Daisy as she returns home. "How long are you going to wait?" "All night if necessary." Jay cannot accept that the past is gone and done with. Jay is sure that he can capture his dream with wealth and influence. He believes that he acted for a good beyond his personal interest and that should guarantee success. Nick attempts to show Jay the folly of his dream, but Jay innocently replies to Nick's assertion that the past cannot be relived by saying, "Yes you can, old sport." This shows the confidence that Jay has in fulfilling his American Dream. For Jay, his dream is not material possessions, although it may seem that way. He only comes into riches so that he can fulfill his true dream, Daisy. Gatsby doesn't rest until his American Dream is finally fulfilled. However, it never comes about and he ends up paying the ultimate price for it. The idea of the American Dream still holds true in today's time, be it wealth, love, or fame. But one thing never changes about the American Dream; everyone desires something in life, and everyone, somehow, strives to get it. Gatsby is a prime example of pursuing the American Dream. It is a marvelously written story with multiple themes. It has been described as one of the best books to come out of the United States, and I cannot dispute this. It deals with the utter shallowness of society, and the morally corrupt underbelly of the rich and the powerful. This is an excellent story that is recommended who have the time to read it.

Ranching and Agriculture on the Frontier essays

Ranching and Agriculture on the Frontier essays Ranching and Agriculture on the Great Plains During the frontier days on the Great Plains there wee two dominant ways of life. Those ways of life were ranching and farming. Most people tend to believe that farming was a much better way of life, mostly due to ties of family and community life. These ways of life were in ways similar but also different in many aspects. Cattle ranching was a way of life that took a lot of land to sustain a number of cattle. This land was used fairly lightly and used creek beds as they were, which is a process called extensive farming. It took about ten to fifteen acres for every cow/calf unit that a rancher owned, which meant the more land that a person controlled the more cattle they could raise. The vast amounts of land controlled by ranchers led to the isolation of the families that ran them. Some ranches were hundreds of miles from the next place of settlement. Upper class ranchers were able to leave the ranch in the winter, but lower and middle class ranchers had to live there year round. This meant that kids had to be home-schooled. This led to a lot of the families not being able to get out and see anything other than their families and anyone else that happened to live on the ranch. Agriculture on the Great Plains was a very intense form of farming, this meant that farmers used smaller amounts of land heavily. Farmers also had to reroute the paths of creeks to irrigate their crops because of the semi-arid conditions. Farming was more of a family based operation in that as soon as children were old enough to help they did. Everyone that was able to help on the farm did. Farming also led to the development of towns because farmers needed a place to go and sell their crops that they had grown. Farming on the Great Plains was tough, considering the semi-arid climate, wind, and the light soil composition. These conditions led the Great Plains to get the nickname Next Ye...

APN Leader Interview Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

APN Leader Interview Project - Essay Example These competencies are essential behaviors for all Nursing Practitioners. They are necessary for the practitioners to face complex challenges in the translation of knowledge that is rapidly expanding into the function and practice in the health care environment that is also rapidly changing. Nurse Practitioners have skills, knowledge, as well as abilities that highly essential to the independent clinical practice. They acquire the competencies through patient care experiences that are mentored, analytic skills, and advanced knowledge of health care system. The Doctoral –prepared Nurse Practitioners get to apply their knowledge in scientific foundation in the quality care practice, they also have the ability to apply their acquired skills in technology and also in information literacy. Practitioners engage in practice inquiries where they improve health outcomes, health policy as well as health care delivery (Joel, 2013). There are also areas of increased skills, knowledge, and expertise that includes collaboration, advanced communication skills, leadership, complex decision making and the health care business. Upon completion of NP program, the practitioners fully possess the nine core competencies that are not based on or determined by population focus (Joel, 2013). The nine Nurse Practitioner Core Competencies are; scientific foundation competencies, leadership competencies, quality competencies, practice inquiry competencies, technology and information literacy competencies, policy competencies, heath delivery system competencies, ethics competencies, and independent practice competencies. The Nurse Practitioner (NP) in this case critically analyzes evidence and data for the improvement of advanced nursing practice, integrates knowledge from a combination of sciences and humanities that are within the nursing science context and translates research and knowledge in order to improve the processes and outcomes. The NP also gets to develop

Unique Perspective on Life by Entering the University Essay

Unique Perspective on Life by Entering the University - Essay Example I had to study. That first day in eighth grade I felt out of place in a strange country, away from the only home I had ever known, helplessly drowning in a sea of strangers speaking a strange language. I was tempted to quit and run back to Japan. I sat there, petrified, with no understanding of what was being said and no clue as to what was being studied. Fortunately, I was blessed with teachers that could sense my fear and uncertainty. With their help and patience, I was able to face my difficult situation and confront the struggle that lay ahead of me. My first challenge was learning the English language. I had the good fortune to attend Westfield High School in Virginia, which has an excellent English as a Second Language (ESL) program. This allowed me to learn English while maintaining an academic pace with my peers. Through hard work, diligence, and the demands of my teachers, I made steady progress and soon began to gain a working command of the English language. This ability opened up new doors for me and allowed me to read, communicate, and make friends. It was through these activities that I learned American customs and developed a greater appreciation of our society, holidays, politics, and history. I progressed through the ESL classes and soon joined my classmates in the regular English language courses. My classes were varied and included music, which is one of my main fascinations and avid interests. As time passed, I was no longer running from my schoolwork or escaping into music, I was pursuing academics. Thoughts of Japan began to fade and I no longer had the urge to run back to my familiar homeland. I was not only beginning to talk like an American, but I was beginning to feel like an American as well. As my vocabulary improved and my interests expanded, I was able to complete high school with an academic performance that allowed me to set my sights on higher education. Now, after two years at Northern Virginia Community College studying traditional academic subjects, I have once again set my goals to a higher standard. I have set my sights on a University degree and I am confident that I can excel in a rigorous academic program at that level.     

Reflection On A Significant Incident From Paramedic Practice Nursing Essay

Reflection On A Significant Incident From Paramedic Practice Nursing Essay The intention of this written essay is to demonstrate an understanding of my views on the art and science of reflection and the issues surrounding reflective practice. It is based on a significant incident from my own area of clinical practice as a state registered paramedic employed by a large provincial Ambulance Service N.H.S. Trust within the U.K. There is a discussion appraising the concept of reflection both generally, and in my particular area of practice. This is followed by an analysis of the incident using The What ? Model of Structured reflection suggested by Driscoll (2000). A rationale is given for the selection of this particular incident and also for the selection of the chosen model as a framework. It will show how the model has been used to reflect on the incident, what has been learnt, and the outcome on both current and future practice. Reflection is an active process of witnessing ones own experience so that we can take a closer look at it. It has its foundations in the discipline of experiential learning. Dewey (1939 cited in Rolfe, Freshwater, Jasper 2001) claimed that we learn by doing, and realising what came of what we did. Reflective practice is something more than thoughtful practice. It is that form of practice which seeks to problematise many situations of professional performance so that they can become potential learning situations and so the practitioners can continue to learn, grow and develop in and through their practice Jarvis P. (1992) pp174 -181. Johns, C (2000a) pg 34, describes reflection as a window through which the practitioner can view and focus self within the context of his own lived experience in ways that enable him to confront, understand and work towards resolving the contradictions within his practice between what is desirable and actual practice. All professionals experience physical, hands on , doing parts of their roles, but unless they search for the knowledge that comes from realising what came of what they did, then the standard of their practice can stand still. In other words if you always do what you have always done you will always get what you have always got. Roth (1989) summarized the basic elements of a reflective process as follows, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Keeping an open mind about what, and how we do things. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Awareness of what, why and how we do things. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Questioning what, why and how we do things. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Asking what, why and how other people do things. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Generating choices, options and possibilities. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Comparing and contrasting results. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Seeking to understand underlying mechanisms and rationales. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Viewing our activities and results from various perspectives. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Asking What if à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Seeking feedback and other peoples ideas and viewpoints. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Using prescriptive (advice) models only when carefully adapted to the individual situation. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Analysing, synthesising and testing. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Searching for, identifying and resolving problems and result limitation. As a guide to its essential nature, reflection can be viewed as ten Cs of reflection. Johns.C (2000b) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Commitment believing that self and practice matter; accepting responsibility for self; the openness, curiosity and willingness to challenge normative ways of responding to situations. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Contradiction exposing and understanding the contradiction between what is desirable and actual practice. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Conflict harnessing the energy of conflict within contradiction to become empowered to take appropriate action. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Challenge and Support confronting the practitioners normative attitudes, beliefs and actions in ways that do not threaten the practitioner. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Catharsis working through negative feelings. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Creation moving beyond self to see and understand new ways of viewing and responding to practice. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Connection connecting new insight within the real world of practice; appreciating the temporality over reality. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Caring realising desirable practice as everyday reality. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Congruence reflection as a mirror for caring. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Constructing Personal Knowing in practice weaving personal knowing with relevant extant theory in constructing knowledge. Reflections can vary in their details and their complexity. Two main levels of reflective enquiry have been identified; either practitioners engage in deep and potentially meaningful inquiry, or they opt for superficial problem solving according to tradition or pressure of work. Burnard P. Chapman C.M. (1988) Reflection can be facilitated in a number of various ways. In the narrative, through reflective writing, this may be in the form of analysis of a significant incident from the writers area of practice, through poetry and journal or diary entries and in the context of a portfolio. In clinical supervision, this has been described as an exchange between practising professionals to enable the development of professional skills. B Procter (1989) pg. 23, it can be expressed through dialogue and it has a vital part to play in sustaining and developing professional practice. Reflection can also be expressed using creative strategies such as music, poetry, modelling, art and collage. There is a danger that personal reflection can focus on the negatives of a given incident, where it should involve balanced critical evaluation, focused on abilities and potential for growth. In order to provide a framework for methods, practices and processes for building knowledge from practice there are several models of reflection available. All can help to direct individual reflection. Some may be particularly useful for superficial problem solving, and other better when a deeper reflective process is required. Reflective models however are not meant to be used as a rigid set of questions to be answered but to give some structure and encourage making a record of the activity. The model I have chosen is Driscolls What? model. The reason being that though it has a format of three simple questions what? , so what?, now what? the added trigger questions give a deeper and meaningful reflective process by stimulating a more in depth enquiry leading to the formulation of an action plan for the future. It may be argued that reflective practice in my own area of clinical practice in the ambulance service has always been deployed whether through debriefing after a serious incident or the informal discussion in the cab of the vehicle. I and my crewmate, an ambulance technician, received an emergency call from ambulance control just after midnight to respond to a road traffic collision between a pedestrian and a car. The location was given as a semi-rural area some 6 miles distance from our Ambulance Station, and we were quickly on the scene. As we arrived on scene we first saw the car that had been involved in the incident and l made a quick mental note of the damage to the bonnet, windscreen and roof to assess the mechanism of injury to the pedestrian. The driver was still sitting in the drivers seat and although obviously distressed had no apparent injuries and was being comforted by a passer-by. This situation was left as it was; the primary concern was the pedestrian. The pedestrian, a male in his early forties, was lying on the road some distance from the damaged car. There were three passers-by with him; one of them stated that the casualty was unconscious but breathing. I carried out a patient assessment with a primary survey a rapid in-depth survey of airway, breathing, circulation, disability, taking 60- 90 seconds. (Joint Royal Colleges Ambulance Liaison Committee. Pre-hospital Clinical Guidelines Manual.) I immobilised the patients cervical spine using a semi-rigid cervical collar and opened his airway using the jaw thrust technique. (Institute of Health and Care Development Ambulance Service Paramedic Training Manual). On assessing the airway I observed the patients mouth and upper airway for air movement. There was obstruction due to blood and I removed this by aspirating with suction equipment, and then inserted an oropharyngeal airway in the patients mouth. Moving onto breathing assessment I exposed the patients chest to observe chest wall movement and assess for chest trauma as a cause of breathing problems. Breathing was absent so l proceeded with resuscitation guidelines. Administering basic life support with cardiac pulmonary resuscitat ion I asked my crewmate to fetch the trolley and the spinal board and we positioned the patient on to the spinal board ensuring that cervical spine immobilisation was maintained by using head blocks and straps. Once secured safely to the spinal board, placed on the trolley and transferred to the ambulance, whilst continuing Basic Life Support. The patient was attached to the cardiac monitor which showed Asystole (no cardiac output) and advanced life support was commenced. Intubating the patient was difficult, and it took several attempts to achieve, but eventually the endotracheal tube was in position and connected to the oxygen driven mechanical ventilator to allow artificial ventilation of the patient. The next task was to gain intravenous access for the administration of drugs and fluids, and full advanced life support was commenced. Whilst on The Reflective Practitioner Course I chose to reflect on this incident by writing a piece of poetry entitled Final-Cup Final based on Gibb s model of reflection (see appendix 1). The feelings I had then was that I had done everything possible to save the patients life given the circumstances. But when using Driscolls model (see appendix 2) , with the added trigger questions, a deeper and more meaningful reflection process occurred making me question my actions and leading to the formulation of an action plan for the future. Final Cup Final I remember that warm summers night so clearly, the football cup final. Most people would have watched it just the same as you. Our shift started at seven, by the time we returned to base at midnight five emergencies already, I felt ready for a break. I must have nodded off, suddenly awoke with the ringing of the phone Emergency between A and B Pedestrian versus car.. Off we set all sorts of things racing through my mind. Soon arrived on scene and first saw the damage to the car Crumpled bonnet, broken windscreen, dented roof. The driver sat there shaking, terribly distraught. Passers-by were with you, not sure how to help. Myself and my crew-mate did all we could, used all the skills we knew, Intubation, cannulation, full drugs protocol Nothing we did could save you and my helpless feelings grew. And now as l pass by the scene several times each week I often stop to wonder is there more we could have done? On careful reflection theres nothing more we could. And now I have to realise nothing could have changed. Negative thoughts turn positive look to the future and learn from what has been. Using The What ? Model of structured reflection suggested by Driscoll (2000) the incident can be analysed in the following way. The purpose of returning to this situation is to review and reflect upon my experiences of this particular incident, and help make sense of what was a stressful, complicated and messy situation. I need to question if l made the correct decision as a paramedic to continue with resuscitation of this patient or if l should have certified fact of death at the scene. The casualty was in respiratory and cardiac arrest and so cardiopulmonary resuscitation, basic, and advanced life support was commenced and the patient rushed to the nearest hospital with an accident and emergency department. My crewmate helped with clinical procedures on scene, i.e. cardiopulmonary resuscitation, assisting with intubation and cannulation and drawing up drugs. The casualtys friend and passers-by, although in an emotional state of shock helped as much as they could by fetching and carrying when asked to and I think this helper them in the situation they found themselves in by giving some purpose of being useful. At the time of the incident there was a reflection in action, where do we go from here? tuning in and going with the flow approach from both myself and my crewmate. There were two options available, either continue with resuscitation with full advanced life support or certify fact of death. The best approach at the time, and the one that l chose, even though his injuries were not compatible with life, was to continue with resuscitation. The main factor for this decision was by assessing the situation as a whole and considering the feelings of others. If resuscitation was not attempted the casualtys friend and bystanders would have thought that we were not giving him the best possible chance of survival, even though this chance was very remote. This had to be weighed up against the consequences of commencing resuscitation when it could be both futile and distressing for relatives, friends and health care personnel. Time and resources could be wasted in undertaking such measures. Through reflection on action I have recognised that no guidelines can cover every situation that may arise. They are intended to provide adequate guidance for the great majority of circumstances. Not everything is black and white, there will be grey areas, and it is the individuals responsibility to act as he thinks appropriate at that particular time. The implications for me and others when facing a similar situation again, are to recognise that there is sometimes a grey area when considering if to attempt resuscitation or not. This has to be assessed taking in to consideration the particular situation and using professional judgement based on best evidence and up to date knowledge, and at times thinking beyond the guidelines, whilst remaining professionally accountable to the Heath Professions Council. I can use this learning experience when working with and mentoring trainee ambulance staff and discussing my feelings with them and how they may react and feel in a similar situation. I can get more information and support to face a similar situation from my Clinical Support Manager, Ambulance Service Education department, Joint Royal Colleges Ambulance Liaison Committee Clinical Practice Guidelines manual and the Institute of Health and Care Development manual. Conclusion Reflection can range from deep and potentially meaningful inquiry, to superficial problem solving. The care that patients receive has the direct potential to improve through reflective practice. Structured reflective practice also has the potential to develop staff and improve the implementation of professional standards. It has the following advantages to offer the health care professional; helps to make sense of complicated and difficult situations, a medium to learn from experiences and therefore improve performance and patient care, identify educational needs, identify workload stressors, highlight barriers to development and ways of identifying improvements, and provide evidence of continual professional development and lifelong learning. In addition staff could become increasingly more motivated and empowered.

Creative Toys Company

The role of social system in the case was highly important because in the organization, The Creative Toys Company, all the people in it and their relationships to one another are mutually interdependent. This was evident in the case wherein in the transportation department, the eight members divided their work among themselves in order produce more toys. Thus, at the beginning, their department surpassed all other departments in production for 12 months. The impact on productivity is that the employees had a dysfunctional effect on the organization because they were unwilling to use their talents and were resistant to to organizational changes. This was based on the case wherein the physical layout of the department did not facilitate efficient traffic flow to and from the other departments hence the plant manager decided to call in consultants to determine a way production could be increased without physical expansion and the suggestion was for the rearrangement of the work areas in the transportation department. Two months after the change was implemented, the department’s productivity was declining hence it seemed they didn’t want to do good with their job because they were unsatisfied with the organizational change. In terms of the organization’s communication, it seems that the organization was not able to convey the key elements of the firm’s culture and vividly reinforce the values of the organization. This was based on the case wherein the plant manager tried to convey to Mr. Wilson the problem of the department but instead of keeping an open mind and listening to the needs of his employees, he just disregarded it. By not listening to his employees, Mr. Wilson did not give them the chance to have individualization which led the employees to rebel since they didn’t have a strong impact or influence on the organization. An informal organization is defined as a network of personal and social relationships (alliances, cliques, friendships) that arise as p eople associate with other people in a work environment. In the case, this informal organization caused the issue that Mr. Wilson was trying to figure out. A system could be considered as the heart of an organization that makes its different departments function well just like organs, but it should never be forgotten that it is still the humans that run the system. Without humans, the system of a company or an organization, no matter how technologically advanced it is, will be useless. As shown in the case, Mr. Wilson even hired special consultants to analyse and change the business process but in the end, they found out that the problem they were looking for was not in the system but actually in the people running the system, which were the employees. This is because the employees had an informal organization brought about by a single reason which is salary related. The informal organization is their way of voicing out their concern to the management and making their presence felt. Their somehow rebellious act caused a dysfunctional effect to the company that forced the management to look for the current issue affecting the company’s performance. There are a lot of factors that motivate people. Some motivations are just because of a deadline, some because of the rewards they get for doing a great job, or just the self fulfilment involved in the whole process of doing the job. Motivation also contributes a lot in the quality of output or work and plays a good role in maximizing a person’s potential. Making a person feel important, and giving him the proper respect and value as a person will make him feel motivated to do better and maintain this image that you have of him especially if you are the boss. Although, giving a person a reason not to get motivated can have its toll on you as a leader and as part of an organization that is output oriented. Lack of motivation will transform a person’s point of view towards work, lack of motivation will turn every task into a burden instead of an opportunity to strive and do better. In the case, Mr. Wilson probably was a nice boss due to the fact that his workers has stayed with him for at least 2 years. The problem comes in when there is an issue involving all workers that affect their motivation to work, which is their low salary. No matter how much changes to the system Mr. Wilson does, the results stayed the same because this one issue has caused the workers to not strive to do better anymore. They lacked the motivation to prove their worth to Mr. Wilson by actually trying to do more than what is expected of them.

Marcos’ family Essay

Unlike the Antagonist, the protagonist is introduced from the first scene, Eddie Carbone. At first we don’t see him as the mean and vicious person he later turns out to be. From this we get an understanding as to what kind of ‘hero’ he is. During the course of the play Eddie becomes an evil ‘hero’. Making the protagonist an evil person makes the play more effective. At no point does Eddie actually break the law, but instead breaks the rules of society. The society in which Eddie lives, (full of Italian immigrants) has made it a golden rule not to snitch, not to tell on anyone that may be doing something wrong in the governments eyes but not in theirs. Eddie makes this the first thing that Catherine and Beatrice have to know before the arrivals of the cousins. He tells them a true story about Vinnie B, how he betrayed his family by snitching to the authorities about the illegal immigrants his family was hiding. As a result Vinnie gets treated like a foreigner in his own family, and gets thrown down the stairs and has to leave the house despite being the youngest. In this play there is unity of time, place and action, all the action appears to be continuous in one place. Miller brings unity into the play, everything happens over a period of time there are no gaps except the gap between Acts 1& 2 allowing time for Catherine and Rodolfo’s relationship to grow; the unity in this play brings all the action, betray and romance in one place so it gives the audience a better understanding as what is happening. Whereas if one thing was happening in Jersey and another thing in New York it wouldn’t keep the audience interested. Miller creates a sense of pity and sorrow over the audience at the very end of the drama. Eddie ringing the Immigration Bureau brings us to the catastrophe. It is Marco who breaks the law. We, as the viewers, believe that Marco has done nothing wrong but to defend his beliefs, which is to protect his name and by doing so protecting his family. Eddies manliness was challenged when Marco confronted him to a chair lifting contest; this warned Eddie to stay away from Rodolfo. Mixing the pathos and misery with the catastrophe of Eddie’s death makes the drama much more effective. After taking a traumatic journey through Eddies mind, the audience is left to think that he will never love Beatrice again because he has been showing all his emotions, especially ‘lust’ the feeling that is usually associated with couples, towards her niece, but Miller surprises us because Eddie reclaims his love for his wife Beatrice, this is a very tear-jerking scene. He turns what the law says is right into a moral wrong, by having Eddie obey the law and telling the authorities that there are illegal immigrants in the community, but by doing so he is also put the lives of Marcos’ family in Sicily in jeopardy. Miller has borrowed many elements from the Greek Tragedy; he has used the prologue to set the basis of the play, which gave a strong sense of fate from the beginning that something awful is going to come out of Eddie taking in the two cousins. Miller has used Eddie as the Protagonist and also an evil hero. The unity of time and place has been used through out the whole play to give the audience understanding; having things done within 24 hours was significant as to what happened the next day. To have many scenes in separate places may have confused the audience. Miller made the chorus more effective by using the narrator (Alfieri) as the voice behind the story, he expressed the traditional morals and the social attitudes that the audience relate to. The pathos has been used several times in this piece of drama, one example being, when Eddie reclaims his love for Beatrice. This was a tear-jerking scene in the drama, not just making the play dramatic but allowing the audience to feel pity and sorrow for Eddie. Miller borrowing such elements has made the play more effective.

Irelands Repeal Movement

The Repeal Movement was a political campaign spearheaded by Irish statesman Daniel OConnell in the early 1840s. The goal was to break political ties with Britain by repealing the Act of Union, legislation passed in 1800. The campaign to repeal the Act of Union was considerably different than OConnells earlier great political movement, the Catholic Emancipation movement of the 1820s. In the intervening decades, the literacy rate of the Irish people had increased, and an influx of new newspapers and magazines helped to communicate OConnells message and mobilize the populace. OConnells repeal campaign ultimately failed, and Ireland would not break free from British rule until the 20th century. But the movement was remarkable as it enlisted millions of Irish people in a political cause, and some aspects of it, such as the famed Monster Meetings, demonstrated that the majority of Irelands population could gather behind the cause. Background of the Repeal Movement The Irish people had been opposed to the Act of Union since its passage in 1800, but it wasnt until the late 1830s that the beginnings of an organized effort to repeal it took shape. The goal, of course, was to strive for self-government for Ireland and a break with Britain. Daniel OConnell organized the Loyal National Repeal Association in 1840. The association was well-organized with various departments, and members paid dues and were issued membership cards. When a Tory (conservative) government came into power in 1841, it appeared obvious that the Repeal Association would not be able to achieve its goals through traditional parliamentary votes. OConnell and his followers began to think of other methods, and the idea of holding enormous meetings and involving as many people as possible seemed like the best approach. The Mass Movement During a period of about six months in 1843, the Repeal Association held a series of enormous gatherings in the east, west, and south of Ireland (support for repeal was not popular in the northern province of Ulster). There had been large meetings in Ireland before, such as anti-temperance rallies led by the Irish priest Father Theobald Matthew. But Ireland, and probably the world, had never seen anything like OConnells Monster Meetings.   It is unclear exactly how many people attended the various rallies, as partisans on both sides of the political divide claimed different totals. But its clear that tens of thousands attended some of the meetings. It was even claimed that some crowds numbered a million people, though that number has always been viewed skeptically. More than 30 large Repeal Association meetings were held, often at sites associated with Irish history and mythology. One idea was so instilled in the common people a connection to Irelands romantic past. It can be argued that the goal of connecting people to the past was accomplished, and the large meetings were worthwhile achievements for that alone. The Meetings In the Press As the meetings began to be held across Ireland in the summer of 1843 news reports circulated describing the remarkable events. The star speaker of the day, of course, would be OConnell. And his arrival in a locality would generally consist of a large procession. The enormous gathering at racecourse in Ennis, in County Clare, in the west of Ireland, on June 15, 1843, was described in a news report which was carried across the ocean by the steamship Caledonia. The Baltimore Sun published the account on its front page of July 20, 1843. The crowd at Ennis was described: Mr. OConnell had a demonstration at Ennis, for the county of Clare, on Thursday, the 15th ult., and the meeting is described as more numerous than any that preceded it—the numbers are stated at 700,000! including about 6,000 horsemen; the cavalcade of cars extended from Ennis to Newmarket—six miles. The preparations for his reception were most elaborate; at the entrance to the town whole trees were plants, with triumphal arches across the road, mottoes, and devices. The Baltimore Sun article also referred to a large meeting held on a Sunday which featured an outdoor mass held before OConnell and others spoke of political matters: A meeting was held at Athlone on Sunday—from 50,000 to 400,000, many of them women—and one writer says that 100 priests were on the ground. The gathering took place at Summerhill. Before it, mass was said in the open air, for the benefit of those who had left their distant homes too soon to attend morning service. News reports appearing in American newspapers noted that 25,000 British troops had been stationed in Ireland in expectation of an uprising. And to American readers, at least, Ireland appeared on the verge of a rebellion. The End of Repeal Despite the popularity of the large meetings, which mean the majority of Irish people may have been directly touched by OConnells message, the Repeal Association eventually faded away. In large part, the goal was simply unattainable as the British population, and British politicians, were not sympathetic to Irish freedom. And, Daniel OConnell, in the 1840s, was elderly. As his health faded the movement faltered, and his death seemed to mark the end of the push for repeal. OConnells son tried to keep the movement going, but he did not have the political skills or magnetic personality of his father. The legacy of the Repeal Movement is mixed. Though the movement itself failed, it kept alive the quest for Irish self-government. It was the last great political movement to affect Ireland before the horrific years of the Great Famine. And it inspired younger revolutionaries, who would go on to be involved with Young Ireland and the Fenian Movement.